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A large language model's (LLM's) out-of-distribution (OOD) generalisation ability is crucial to its deployment. Previous work assessing LLMs' generalisation performance, however, typically focuses on a single out-of-distribution dataset.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Matteo Boglioni , Andrea Sgobbi , Gabriel Tavernini , Francesco Rita , Marius Mosbach , Tiago Pimentel

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital to safety-critical machine learning applications and has thus been extensively studied, with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, the field currently lacks a unified,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jingkang Yang , Pengyun Wang , Dejian Zou , Zitang Zhou , Kunyuan Ding , Wenxuan Peng , Haoqi Wang , Guangyao Chen , Bo Li , Yiyou Sun , Xuefeng Du , Kaiyang Zhou , Wayne Zhang , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a fundamental challenge in the deployment of machine learning models. From a security standpoint, this is particularly important because OOD test data can result in misleadingly confident yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Onat Gungor , Amanda Sofie Rios , Nilesh Ahuja , Tajana Rosing

Domain-Adaptive Pre-training (DAP) has recently gained attention for its effectiveness in fine-tuning pre-trained models. Building on this, continual DAP has been explored to develop pre-trained models capable of incrementally incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Dohoon Kim , Donghun Kang , Taesup Moon

In the field of object detection, domain generalisation (DG) aims to ensure robust performance across diverse and unseen target domains by learning the robust domain-invariant features corresponding to the objects of interest across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Shuvam Jena , Sushmetha Sumathi Rajendran , Karthik Seemakurthy , Sasithradevi A , Vijayalakshmi M , Prakash Poornachari

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated exceptional recognition capabilities in traditional computer vision (CV) tasks. However, existing CV models often suffer a significant decrease in accuracy when confronted with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Shuangchen Zhao , Changde Du , Hui Li , Huiguang He

The rise of deep learning has marked significant progress in fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and medical imaging, primarily through the adaptation of pre-trained models for specific tasks. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Charith Chandra Sai Balne , Sreyoshi Bhaduri , Tamoghna Roy , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

This article focuses on large language models (LLMs) fine-tuning in the scarce data regime (also known as the "few-shot" learning setting). We propose a method to increase the generalization capabilities of LLMs based on neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Louis Falissard , Vincent Guigue , Laure Soulier

Earth observation (EO) is crucial for monitoring environmental changes, responding to disasters, and managing natural resources. In this context, foundation models facilitate remote sensing image analysis to retrieve relevant geoinformation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Francesc Marti-Escofet , Benedikt Blumenstiel , Linus Scheibenreif , Paolo Fraccaro , Konrad Schindler

Building object detectors that are robust to domain shifts is critical for real-world applications. Prior approaches fine-tune a pre-trained backbone and risk overfitting it to in-distribution (ID) data and distorting features useful for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Kuniaki Saito , Donghyun Kim , Piotr Teterwak , Rogerio Feris , Kate Saenko

Numerous pre-training techniques for visual document understanding (VDU) have recently shown substantial improvements in performance across a wide range of document tasks. However, these pre-trained VDU models cannot guarantee continued…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jiabang He , Yi Hu , Lei Wang , Xing Xu , Ning Liu , Hui Liu , Heng Tao Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, with post-training playing a crucial role in enhancing their reasoning capabilities. Among post-training paradigms, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is widely used: it leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lisong Sun , Li Wang , Chen Zhang , Jinyang Wu , Kui Zhang , Tianhao Peng , Wenjun Wu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify test examples that do not belong to the training distribution and are thus unlikely to be predicted reliably. Despite a plethora of existing works, most of them focused only on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Reza Averly , Wei-Lun Chao

The ability to generalize out-of-domain (OOD) is an important goal for deep neural network development, and researchers have proposed many high-performing OOD generalization methods from various foundations. While many OOD algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Zining Zhu , Soroosh Shahtalebi , Frank Rudzicz

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of instance segmentation models with respect to real-world image corruptions as well as out-of-domain image collections, e.g. images captured by a different set-up than the training dataset.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yusuf Dalva , Hamza Pehlivan , Said Fahri Altindis , Aysegul Dundar

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are known to improve the generalization performance of natural language understanding models by leveraging large amounts of data during the pre-training phase. However, the out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Linyi Yang , Shuibai Zhang , Libo Qin , Yafu Li , Yidong Wang , Hanmeng Liu , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie , Yue Zhang

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale natural images are widely adapted to various cross-domain low-resource downstream tasks, benefiting from generalizable and transferable patterns captured by their representations. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Wenqiang Zu , Shenghao Xie , Hao Chen , Zhiqiang Chen , Liwen Hu , Yuanhao Xi , Yiming Liang , Junliang Ye , Bo Lei , Tiejun Huang , Guoqi Li , Lei Ma

Clinical machine learning models show a significant performance drop when tested in settings not seen during training. Domain generalisation models promise to alleviate this problem, however, there is still scepticism about whether they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Dimitris Spathis , Stephanie L. Hyland

Machine learning algorithms have achieved remarkable success across various disciplines, use cases and applications, under the prevailing assumption that training and test samples are drawn from the same distribution. Consequently, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Zehao Xiao , Cees G. M. Snoek

The goal of domain generalization algorithms is to predict well on distributions different from those seen during training. While a myriad of domain generalization algorithms exist, inconsistencies in experimental conditions -- datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Ishaan Gulrajani , David Lopez-Paz