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The Tor network provides users with strong anonymity by routing their internet traffic through multiple relays. While Tor encrypts traffic and hides IP addresses, it remains vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as the website…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yuwen Cui , Guangjing Wang , Khanh Vu , Kai Wei , Kehan Shen , Zhengyuan Jiang , Xiao Han , Ning Wang , Zhuo Lu , Yao Liu

Online anonymity and privacy has been based on confusing the adversary by creating indistinguishable network elements. Tor is the largest and most widely deployed anonymity system, designed against realistic modern adversaries. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 George Kadianakis , Theodoros Polyzos , Mike Perry , Kostas Chatzikokolakis

End-to-end encryption is a powerful tool for protecting the privacy of Internet users. Together with the increasing use of technologies such as Tor, VPNs, and encrypted messaging, it is becoming increasingly difficult for network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Tobias Pulls , Ethan Witwer

Website fingerprinting is an attack that uses size and timing characteristics of encrypted downloads to identify targeted websites. Since this can defeat the privacy goals of anonymity networks such as Tor, many algorithms to defend against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Ethan Witwer , James Holland , Nicholas Hopper

Tor provides low-latency anonymous and uncensored network access against a local or network adversary. Due to the design choice to minimize traffic overhead (and increase the pool of potential users) Tor allows some information about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Shuai Li , Huajun Guo , Nicholas Hopper

Darknet technology such as Tor has been used by various threat actors for organising illegal activities and data exfiltration. As such, there is a case for organisations to block such traffic, or to try and identify when it is used and for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Hamish Haughey , Gregory Epiphaniou , Haider Al-Khateeb , Ali Dehghantanha

Tor recently integrated a circuit padding framework for creating padding machines: defenses that work by defining state machines that inject dummy traffic to protect against traffic analysis attacks like Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Tobias Pulls

Website fingerprinting attacks enable an adversary to infer which website a victim is visiting, even if the victim uses an encrypting proxy, such as Tor. Previous work has shown that all proposed defenses against website fingerprinting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-24 Xiang Cai , Rishab Nithyanand , Rob Johnson

Current anonymizing networks have become an important tool for guaranteeing users' privacy. However, these platforms can be used to perform illegitimate actions, which sometimes makes service providers see traffic coming from these networks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-12-16 Jesus Diaz , David Arroyo , Francisco B. Rodriguez

The Tor anonymity network has been shown vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks by autonomous systems and Internet exchanges, which can observe different overlay hops belonging to the same circuit. We aim to determine whether network path…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Joshua Juen , Aaron Johnson , Anupam Das , Nikita Borisov , Matthew Caesar

Anonymity systems like Tor are vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks, where a local passive eavesdropper infers the victim's activity. Current WF attacks based on deep learning classifiers have successfully overcome numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Shawn Shan , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks raise major concerns about users' privacy. They employ Machine Learning (ML) to allow a local passive adversary to uncover the Web browsing behavior of a user, even if she browses through an encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Giovanni Cherubin

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

Tor provides anonymity to millions of users around the globe which has made it a valuable target for malicious actors. As a low-latency anonymity system, it is vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks from strong passive adversaries such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Gabriel Karl Gegenhuber , Markus Maier , Florian Holzbauer , Wilfried Mayer , Georg Merzdovnik , Edgar Weippl , Johanna Ullrich

Several studies have shown that the network traffic that is generated by a visit to a website over Tor reveals information specific to the website through the timing and sizes of network packets. By capturing traffic traces between users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Vera Rimmer , Davy Preuveneers , Marc Juarez , Tom Van Goethem , Wouter Joosen

Tor, an onion-routing anonymity network, has been shown to be vulnerable to Website Fingerprinting (WF), which de-anonymizes web browsing by analyzing the unique characteristics of the encrypted network traffic. Although many defenses have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Jiajun Gong , Wuqi Zhang , Charles Zhang , Tao Wang

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks are used by local passive attackers to determine the destination of encrypted internet traffic by comparing the sequences of packets sent to and received by the user to a previously recorded data set. As…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-23 James K Holland , Nicholas Hopper

There was a time when the word security was only confined to the physical protection of things that were valuable which must be guarded against all the odds. Today, in a world where people can do things virtually have emerged the necessity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-05 AKM Bahalul Haque , Sharaban Tahura Nisa , Md. Amdadul Bari , Ayvee Nusreen Anika

Anonymity networks are becoming increasingly popular in today's online world as more users attempt to safeguard their online privacy. Tor is currently the most popular anonymity network in use and provides anonymity to both users and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Ishan Karunanayake , Nadeem Ahmed , Robert Malaney , Rafiqul Islam , Sanjay Jha

Website fingerprinting (WF) is a dangerous attack on web privacy because it enables an adversary to predict the website a user is visiting, despite the use of encryption, VPNs, or anonymizing networks such as Tor. Previous WF work almost…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Rob Jansen , Ryan Wails , Aaron Johnson
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