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Time crystals spontaneously break the time translation symmetry, as recently has been frequently reported in quantum systems. Here we describe the observation of classical analogues of both 1+1-dimensional and 2+1-dimensional discrete…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-24 Hanqing Zhao , Rui Zhang , Ivan I. Smalyukh

Generalized quantum mechanics is used to examine a simple two-particle scattering experiment in which there is a bounded region of closed timelike curves (CTCs) in the experiment's future. The transitional probability is shown to depend on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Seth Rosenberg

The discrete time crystal (DTC) is a recently discovered phase of matter that spontaneously breaks time-translation symmetry. Disorder-induced many-body-localization is required to stabilize a DTC to arbitrary times, yet an experimental…

Discrete time crystals are novel phases of matter that break the discrete time translational symmetry of a periodically driven system. In this work, we propose a classical system of weakly-nonlinear parametrically-driven coupled oscillators…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-31 Stuart Yi-Thomas , Jay D. Sau

Topological phase transitions, characterized by the closing and reopening of band gaps and a concomitant change in topological invariants, have played a central role in topological physics. However, such transitions have so far been…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-19 Zebin Zhu , Bolun Huang , Siqi Xu , Jingming Chen , Yan Meng , Zhenxiao Zhu , Xiang Xi , Zhen Gao

A choreographic time crystal is a dynamic lattice structure in which the points comprising the lattice move in a coordinated fashion. These structures were initially proposed for understanding the motion of synchronized satellite swarms.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-23 Andras Libal , Tunde Balazs , C. Reichhardt , C. J. O. Reichhardt

Toy models for quantum evolution in the presence of closed timelike curves (CTCs) have gained attention in the recent literature due to the strange effects they predict. The circuits that give rise to these effects appear quite abstract and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 J. L. Pienaar , C. R. Myers , T. C. Ralph

In this work we study genuine multipartite correlations (GMC's) in a boundary time crystal (BTC). Boundary time crystals are nonequilibrium quantum phases of matter in contact to an environment, for which a macroscopic fraction of the…

We show a dissipative phase transition in a driven nonlinear quantum oscillator in which a discrete time-translation symmetry is spontaneously broken in two different ways. The corresponding regimes display either discrete or incommensurate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Albert Cabot , Gianluca Giorgi , Roberta Zambrini

The aim of this paper is to propose a criterion of spontaneous symmetry breaking that makes reference to the properties of pure phases defined by a translationally invariant state. By avoiding any reference to the ground state, at the basis…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-08 Carlo Heissenberg , Franco Strocchi

In this paper, we show that time crystals can emerge in coupled exciton-polariton condensates without periodic external driving, enabled instead by incoherent gain and dissipation channels inherent to semiconductor microcavities. We present…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-05-15 Xuan Ye , Hong-Jin Xiong , Alexey Kavokin , Sanjib Ghosh

Time crystals appear when systems display a commensurate spontaneous breaking of the discrete time translational invariance imposed by an external periodic drive. No consensus on the definition has been reached as yet, but important aspects…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-18 Robin Schäfer , Götz S. Uhrig , Joachim Stolze

Spontaneous breaking of continuous time translation symmetry into a discrete one is related to time crystal formation. While the phenomenon is not possible in the ground state of a time-independent many-body system, it can occur in an…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-08-21 Arkadiusz Kosior , Andrzej Syrwid , Krzysztof Sacha

I study deterministic dynamics of chiral active particles in two dimensions. Particles are considered as discs interacting with elastic repulsive forces. An ensemble of particles, started from random initial conditions, demonstrates chaotic…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2020-11-24 Arkady Pikovsky

Despite being forbidden in equilibrium, spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry can occur in periodically driven, Floquet systems with discrete time-translation symmetry. The period of the resulting discrete time crystal is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-06-21 Norman Y. Yao , Andrew C. Potter , Ionut-Dragos Potirniche , Ashvin Vishwanath

Reciprocity, the principle that a system response is identical in the forward path compared to the backward path, is a fundamental concept across physics, from electrical circuits and optics to acoustics and heat conduction. Nonreciprocity…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-01 Thomas J. Ugras , Daniel J. Gracias , Oriol Arteaga , Richard D. Robinson

An all-optically driven strategy to govern a liquid crystalline collective molecular nonlinear oscillator is discussed. It does not require external feedbacks of any kind while the oscillator and a time-depending perturbation both are…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-01-29 Dmitry O. Krimer , Etienne Brasselet

We establish a link between metastability and a discrete time-crystalline phase in a periodically driven open quantum system. The mechanism we highlight requires neither the system to display any microscopic symmetry nor the presence of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-10 F. M. Gambetta , F. Carollo , M. Marcuzzi , J. P. Garrahan , I. Lesanovsky

Difficulties around the idea of spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry in a closed quantum mechanical system are identified, and then overcome in a simple model. The possibility of ordering in imaginary time is also discussed.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Frank Wilczek

This review informs that the impossibility of genuine quantum time crystals has been known in the C*-algebraic quantum statistical mechanics since 1970s. The KMS condition implies that spontaneous breakdown of time-translation symmetry is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-04-25 Hajime Moriya