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This paper presents several novel findings on the explainability of vision reflection in large multimodal models (LMMs). First, we show that prompting an LMM to verify the prediction of a specialized vision model can improve recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Guoyuan An , JaeYoon Kim , SungEui Yoon

The concept bottleneck model (CBM) is an interpretable-by-design framework that makes decisions by first predicting a set of interpretable concepts, and then predicting the class label based on the given concepts. Existing CBMs are trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Andong Tan , Fengtao Zhou , Hao Chen

Large vision-language models (LVLMs), designed to interpret and respond to human instructions, occasionally generate hallucinated or harmful content due to inappropriate instructions. This study uses linear probing to shed light on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Qinyu Zhao , Ming Xu , Kartik Gupta , Akshay Asthana , Liang Zheng , Stephen Gould

Incidental supervision from language has become a popular approach for learning generic visual representations that can be prompted to perform many recognition tasks in computer vision. We conduct an in-depth exploration of the CLIP model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Sachit Menon , Ishaan Preetam Chandratreya , Carl Vondrick

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel at multimodal understanding, yet their text-only decoding forces them to verbalize visual reasoning, limiting performance on tasks that demand visual imagination. Recent attempts train VLMs to render…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zeyuan Yang , Xueyang Yu , Delin Chen , Maohao Shen , Chuang Gan

Contrastive image-text models such as CLIP form the building blocks of many state-of-the-art systems. While they excel at recognizing common generic concepts, they still struggle on fine-grained entities which are rare, or even absent from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Ahmet Iscen , Mathilde Caron , Alireza Fathi , Cordelia Schmid

Despite recent advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on diverse understanding tasks, these models struggle to solve problems which require extensive multi-step reasoning. This is primarily due to the progressive dilution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Byungwoo Jeon , Yoonwoo Jeong , Hyunseok Lee , Minsu Cho , Jinwoo Shin

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) delivers strong cross modal generalization by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space, yet it persistently fails at compositional reasoning over objects, attributes, and relations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziliang Chen , Tianang Xiao , Jusheng Zhang , Yongsen Zheng , Xipeng Chen

Large Transformer-based language models can aid human authors by suggesting plausible continuations of text written so far. However, current interactive writing assistants do not allow authors to guide text generation in desired topical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Haw-Shiuan Chang , Jiaming Yuan , Mohit Iyyer , Andrew McCallum

How do vision transformers (ViTs) represent and process the world? This paper addresses this long-standing question through the first systematic analysis of 6.6K features across all layers, extracted via sparse autoencoders, and by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jinyeong Kim , Junhyeok Kim , Yumin Shim , Joohyeok Kim , Sunyoung Jung , Seong Jae Hwang

When large language models (LLMs) use in-context learning (ICL) to solve a new task, they must infer latent concepts from demonstration examples. This raises the question of whether and how transformers represent latent structures as part…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Guan Zhe Hong , Bhavya Vasudeva , Vatsal Sharan , Cyrus Rashtchian , Prabhakar Raghavan , Rina Panigrahy

Language Models and Vision Language Models have recently demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in terms of understanding human intentions, reasoning, scene understanding, and planning-like behaviour, in text form, among many others. In…

This paper investigates the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). For a precisely defined yet tractable formulation, we choose the conceptually simple but technically complex task of constructing proofs in Boolean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yuan Xia , Akanksha Atrey , Fadoua Khmaissia , Kedar S. Namjoshi

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) provide interpretable prediction by introducing an intermediate Concept Bottleneck Layer (CBL), which encodes human-understandable concepts to explain models' decision. Recent works proposed to utilize Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Divyansh Srivastava , Ge Yan , Tsui-Wei Weng

Image cropping has progressed tremendously under the data-driven paradigm. However, current approaches do not account for the intentions of the user, which is an issue especially when the composition of the input image is complex. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Zhihang Zhong , Mingxi Cheng , Zhirong Wu , Yuhui Yuan , Yinqiang Zheng , Ji Li , Han Hu , Stephen Lin , Yoichi Sato , Imari Sato

This study introduces a hypothesis-testing framework to assess whether large language models (LLMs) possess genuine reasoning abilities or primarily depend on token bias. We go beyond evaluating LLMs on accuracy; rather, we aim to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Bowen Jiang , Yangxinyu Xie , Zhuoqun Hao , Xiaomeng Wang , Tanwi Mallick , Weijie J. Su , Camillo J. Taylor , Dan Roth

Large language models (LLMs), when guided by explicit textual plans, can perform reliable step-by-step reasoning during problem-solving. However, generating accurate and effective textual plans remains challenging due to LLM hallucinations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Sijia Chen , Di Niu

While neural networks have excelled in video action recognition tasks, their black-box nature often obscures the understanding of their decision-making processes. Recent approaches used inherently interpretable models to analyze video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Ning Wang , Guangming Zhu , HS Li , Liang Zhang , Syed Afaq Ali Shah , Mohammed Bennamoun

Recently, the remarkable advance of the Large Language Model (LLM) has inspired researchers to transfer its extraordinary reasoning capability to both vision and language data. However, the prevailing approaches primarily regard the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Chao Liao , Jianchao Tan , Quzhe Huang , Bin Chen , Chenyi Lei , An Liu , Chengru Song , Xiaoqiang Lei , Di Zhang , Wenwu Ou , Kun Gai , Yadong Mu

General purpose Vision Language Models (VLMs) have received tremendous interest in recent years, owing to their ability to learn rich vision-language correlations as well as their broad zero-shot competencies. One immensely popular line of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Moulik Choraria , Xinbo Wu , Sourya Basu , Nitesh Sekhar , Yue Wu , Xu Zhang , Prateek Singhal , Lav R. Varshney