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Node classification is a key task in temporal graph learning (TGL). Real-life temporal graphs often introduce new node classes over time, but existing TGL methods assume a fixed set of classes. This assumption brings limitations, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hanmo Liu , Shimin Di , Haoyang Li , Xun Jian , Yue Wang , Lei Chen

Continual learning (CL) is widely regarded as crucial challenge for lifelong AI. However, existing CL benchmarks, e.g. Permuted-MNIST and Split-CIFAR, make use of artificial temporal variation and do not align with or generalize to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Zhiqiu Lin , Jia Shi , Deepak Pathak , Deva Ramanan

Continual learning aims at incrementally acquiring new knowledge while not forgetting existing knowledge. To overcome catastrophic forgetting, methods are either rehearsal-based, i.e., store data examples from previous tasks for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Mingyang Wang , Heike Adel , Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen , Hinrich Schütze

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to learn new classes sequentially while retaining the knowledge of previously learned classes. Recently, pre-trained models (PTMs) combined with parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jiangpeng He , Zhihao Duan , Fengqing Zhu

Federated continual learning (FCL) enables distributed client devices to learn from streaming data across diverse and evolving tasks. A major challenge to continual learning, catastrophic forgetting, is exacerbated in decentralized settings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Seohyeon Cha , Huancheng Chen , Haris Vikalo

Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learning (efCIL) aims to continuously incorporate the knowledge from new classes while retaining previously learned information, without storing any old-class exemplars (i.e., samples). For this purpose,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Libo Huang , Zhulin An , Yan Zeng , Chuanguang Yang , Xinqiang Yu , Yongjun Xu

Federated Continual Learning (FCL) has recently emerged as a crucial research area, as data from distributed clients typically arrives as a stream, requiring sequential learning. This paper explores a more practical and challenging FCL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Minh-Duong Nguyen , Le-Tuan Nguyen , Quoc-Viet Pham

The development of artificial intelligence demands that models incrementally update knowledge by Continual Learning (CL) to adapt to open-world environments. To meet privacy and security requirements, Continual Unlearning (CU) emerges as an…

Federated continual learning (FCL) learns incremental tasks over time from confidential datasets distributed across clients. This paper focuses on rehearsal-free FCL, which has severe forgetting issues when learning new tasks due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Gaurav Bagwe , Xiaoyong Yuan , Miao Pan , Lan Zhang

Continual learning (CL) learns a sequence of tasks incrementally. This paper studies the challenging CL setting of class-incremental learning (CIL). CIL has two key challenges: catastrophic forgetting (CF) and inter-task class separation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Saleh Momeni , Sahisnu Mazumder , Bing Liu

In continual learning (CL), the goal is to design models that can learn a sequence of tasks without catastrophic forgetting. While there is a rich set of techniques for CL, relatively little understanding exists on how representations built…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Yingcong Li , Mingchen Li , M. Salman Asif , Samet Oymak

We address the Continual Learning (CL) problem, wherein a model must learn a sequence of tasks from non-stationary distributions while preserving prior knowledge upon encountering new experiences. With the advancement of foundation models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Kyra Ahrens , Hans Hergen Lehmann , Jae Hee Lee , Stefan Wermter

Class-incremental learning (CIL) is typically evaluated under predefined schedules with equal-sized tasks, leaving more realistic and complex cases unexplored. However, a practical CIL system should learns immediately when any number of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhiming Xu , Baile Xu , Jian Zhao , Furao Shen , Suorong Yang

Continual learning (CL) models are designed to learn new tasks arriving sequentially without re-training the network. However, real-world ML applications have very limited label information and these models suffer from catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Indu Solomon , Aye Phyu Phyu Aung , Uttam Kumar , Senthilnath Jayavelu

We introduce a new training paradigm that enforces interval constraints on neural network parameter space to control forgetting. Contemporary Continual Learning (CL) methods focus on training neural networks efficiently from a stream of…

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continuously learn and accumulate new knowledge while retaining useful information from past experiences. Although numerous CL methods have been proposed in recent years, it is not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-27 Hanwen Xing , Christopher Yau

Continual learning aims to allow models to learn new tasks without forgetting what has been learned before. This work introduces Elastic Variational Continual Learning with Weight Consolidation (EVCL), a novel hybrid model that integrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hunar Batra , Ronald Clark

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models that can learn a sequence of tasks without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. A core challenge in CL is balancing stability -- preserving performance on old tasks -- and plasticity --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zhenrong Liu , Janne M. J. Huttunen , Mikko Honkala

Federated Continual Learning (FCL) leverages inter-client collaboration to balance new knowledge acquisition and prior knowledge retention in non-stationary data. However, existing batch-based FCL methods lack adaptability to streaming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Sixing Tan , Xianmin Liu

Humans learn all their life long. They accumulate knowledge from a sequence of learning experiences and remember the essential concepts without forgetting what they have learned previously. Artificial neural networks struggle to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Timothée Lesort