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When training transformers on graph-structured data, incorporating information about the underlying topology is crucial for good performance. Topological masking, a type of relative position encoding, achieves this by upweighting or…

Transformers exhibit great advantages in handling computer vision tasks. They model image classification tasks by utilizing a multi-head attention mechanism to process a series of patches consisting of split images. However, for complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Haichao Zhang , Kuangrong Hao , Witold Pedrycz , Lei Gao , Xuesong Tang , Bing Wei

Most invariance-based self-supervised methods rely on single object-centric images (e.g., ImageNet images) for pretraining, learning features that invariant to geometric transformation. However, when images are not object-centric, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Taeho Kim , Jong-Min Lee

Self-attention in Transformers is typically implemented as $\mathrm{softmax}(QK^\top/\sqrt{d})V$, where $Q=XW_Q$, $K=XW_K$, and $V=XW_V$ are learned linear projections of the input $X$. We ask whether these learned projections are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Debarshi Kundu , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh , Vasant Honavar

Recently, Transformers have gained significant popularity in image restoration tasks such as image super-resolution and denoising, owing to their superior performance. However, balancing performance and computational burden remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Leheng Zhang , Wei Long , Yawei Li , Xingyu Zhou , Xiaorui Zhao , Shuhang Gu

The Transformer translation model is based on the multi-head attention mechanism, which can be parallelized easily. The multi-head attention network performs the scaled dot-product attention function in parallel, empowering the model by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Hongfei Xu , Qiuhui Liu , Josef van Genabith , Deyi Xiong

Most existing works solving Room-to-Room VLN problem only utilize RGB images and do not consider local context around candidate views, which lack sufficient visual cues about surrounding environment. Moreover, natural language contains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jingyang Huo , Qiang Sun , Boyan Jiang , Haitao Lin , Yanwei Fu

The Vision Transformer (ViT) has made significant advancements in computer vision, utilizing self-attention mechanisms to achieve state-of-the-art performance across various tasks, including image classification, object detection, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sehyeong Jo , Gangjae Jang , Haesol Park

Transformer is a new kind of neural architecture which encodes the input data as powerful features via the attention mechanism. Basically, the visual transformers first divide the input images into several local patches and then calculate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Kai Han , An Xiao , Enhua Wu , Jianyuan Guo , Chunjing Xu , Yunhe Wang

Human visual attention on three-dimensional objects emerges from the interplay between bottom-up geometric processing and top-down semantic recognition. Existing 3D saliency methods rely on hand-crafted geometric features or learning-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Soham Pahari , Sandeep C. Kumain

Recent advances in neural neighborhood search methods have shown potential in tackling Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs). However, most existing approaches rely on simplistic state representations and fuse heterogeneous information via naive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Xiangling Chen , Yi Mei , Mengjie Zhang

Graph Transformers (GTs) have emerged as powerful architectures for graph-structured data, yet remain constrained by rigid designs and lack quantifiable interpretability. Current state-of-the-art GTs commit to fixed GNN types across all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Shruti Sarika Chakraborty , Peter Minary

Attention mechanisms have become a popular component in deep neural networks, yet there has been little examination of how different influencing factors and methods for computing attention from these factors affect performance. Toward a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Xizhou Zhu , Dazhi Cheng , Zheng Zhang , Stephen Lin , Jifeng Dai

Transformers have emerged as the prevailing standard solution for various AI tasks, including computer vision and natural language processing. The widely adopted Query, Key, and Value formulation (QKV) has played a significant role in this.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Ali Borji

Multivariate time series (MTS) analysis prevails in real-world applications such as finance, climate science and healthcare. The various self-attention mechanisms, the backbone of the state-of-the-art Transformer-based models, efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Quang Minh Nguyen , Lam M. Nguyen , Subhro Das

Visual search is important in our daily life. The efficient allocation of visual attention is critical to effectively complete visual search tasks. Prior research has predominantly modelled the spatial allocation of visual attention in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yini Fang , Jingling Yu , Haozheng Zhang , Ralf van der Lans , Bertram Shi

Self-attention modules have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in capturing long-range relationships and improving the performance of point cloud tasks. However, point cloud objects are typically characterized by complex, disordered, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Xian Wei , Muyu Wang , Shing-Ho Jonathan Lin , Zhengyu Li , Jian Yang , Arafat Al-Jawari , Xuan Tang

Rotation equivariance is a desirable property in many practical applications such as motion forecasting and 3D perception, where it can offer benefits like sample efficiency, better generalization, and robustness to input perturbations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Serge Assaad , Carlton Downey , Rami Al-Rfou , Nigamaa Nayakanti , Ben Sapp

Graph-based next-step prediction models have recently been very successful in modeling complex high-dimensional physical systems on irregular meshes. However, due to their short temporal attention span, these models suffer from error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Xu Han , Han Gao , Tobias Pfaff , Jian-Xun Wang , Li-Ping Liu

The self-attention mechanism, while foundational to modern Transformer architectures, suffers from a critical inefficiency: it frequently allocates substantial attention to redundant or noisy context. Differential Attention addressed this…