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A contract is a type of legal document commonly used in organizations. Contract review is an integral and repetitive process to avoid business risk and liability. Contract analysis requires the identification and classification of key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Amit Tewari

In education, open-ended quiz questions have become an important tool for assessing the knowledge of students. Yet, manually preparing such questions is a tedious task, and thus automatic question generation has been proposed as a possible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Kristiyan Vachev , Momchil Hardalov , Georgi Karadzhov , Georgi Georgiev , Ivan Koychev , Preslav Nakov

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the field of computing education with their powerful code-generating capabilities. Traditional pedagogical practices have focused on code writing tasks, but there is now a shift in importance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Paul Denny , Juho Leinonen , James Prather , Andrew Luxton-Reilly , Thezyrie Amarouche , Brett A. Becker , Brent N. Reeves

The wayward quality of continuous prompts stresses the importance of their interpretability as unexpected and unpredictable behaviors appear following training, especially in the context of large language models automating people-sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Pascal Passigan , Kidus Yohannes , Joshua Pereira

In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive SWOT analysis of prompt engineering techniques within the realm of Large Language Models (LLMs). Emphasizing linguistic principles, we examine various techniques to identify their strengths,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Gaurav Kumar Gupta , Nikhil Kumar Chatta , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei

Automated synthesis of reactive systems from specifications has been a topic of research for decades. Recently, a variety of approaches have been proposed to extend synthesis of reactive systems from proposi- tional specifications towards…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-23 Andreas Katis , Grigory Fedyukovich , Huajun Guo , Andrew Gacek , John Backes , Arie Gurfinkel , Michael W. Whalen

Legal case retrieval plays an important role for legal practitioners to effectively retrieve relevant cases given a query case. Most existing neural legal case retrieval models directly encode the whole legal text of a case to generate a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Yanran Tang , Ruihong Qiu , Xue Li

Open-Domain Question Answering (ODQA) aims to answer questions without explicitly providing specific background documents. This task becomes notably challenging in a zero-shot setting where no data is available to train tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Junlong Li , Jinyuan Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Generative AI, such as image generation models and large language models, stands to provide tremendous value to end-user programmers in creative and knowledge workflows. Current research methods struggle to engage end-users in a realistic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Advait Sarkar , Ian Drosos , Rob Deline , Andrew D. Gordon , Carina Negreanu , Sean Rintel , Jack Williams , Benjamin Zorn

Language models can be prompted to perform a wide variety of zero- and few-shot learning problems. However, performance varies significantly with the choice of prompt, and we do not yet understand why this happens or how to pick the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Hila Gonen , Srini Iyer , Terra Blevins , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

When organizations delegate text generation tasks to AI providers via pay-for-performance contracts, expected payments rise when evaluation is noisy. As evaluation methods become more elaborate, the economic benefits of decreased noise are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Eden Saig , Tamar Garbuz , Ariel D. Procaccia , Inbal Talgam-Cohen , Jamie Tucker-Foltz

Current efficient fine-tuning methods (e.g., adapters, prefix-tuning, etc.) have optimized conditional text generation via training a small set of extra parameters of the neural language model, while freezing the rest for efficiency. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Marjan Ghazvininejad , Vladimir Karpukhin , Vera Gor , Asli Celikyilmaz

Large language models (LLMs) with in-context learning have demonstrated remarkable capability in the text-to-SQL task. Previous research has prompted LLMs with various demonstration-retrieval strategies and intermediate reasoning steps to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Shuaichen Chang , Eric Fosler-Lussier

Computer Science and Design practitioners have been researching and proposing alternatives for a dearth of recommendations, standards, or best practices in user interfaces for decades. Now, with the advent of generative Artificial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Tiago Machado , Sara E. Berger , Cassia Sanctos , Vagner Figueiredo de Santana , Lemara Williams , Zhaoqing Wu

The remarkable success of pretrained language models has motivated the study of what kinds of knowledge these models learn during pretraining. Reformulating tasks as fill-in-the-blanks problems (e.g., cloze tests) is a natural approach for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Taylor Shin , Yasaman Razeghi , Robert L. Logan , Eric Wallace , Sameer Singh

We evaluated the capability of a state-of-the-art generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model to perform semantic annotation of short text snippets (one to few sentences) coming from legal documents of various types. Discussions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Jaromir Savelka

One of the elements of legal research is looking for cases where judges have extended the meaning of a legal concept by providing interpretations of what a concept means or does not mean. This allow legal professionals to use such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Aleksander Smywiński-Pohl , Tomer Libal , Adam Kaczmarczyk , Magdalena Król

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) systems are increasingly being deployed across diverse industries and research domains. Developers and end-users interact with these systems through the use of prompting and prompt engineering.…

Students in introductory physics courses often rely on ineffective strategies, focusing on final answers rather than understanding underlying principles. Integrating scientific argumentation into problem-solving fosters critical thinking…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-21 Winter Allen , Anand Shanker , N. Sanjay Rebello

A well-engineered prompt can increase the performance of large language models; automatic prompt optimization techniques aim to increase performance without requiring human effort to tune the prompts. One leading class of prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Daniel Melcer , Qi Chen , Wen-Hao Chiang , Shweta Garg , Pranav Garg , Christian Bock
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