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In the era of Deep Neural Network based solutions for a variety of real-life tasks, having a compact and energy-efficient deployable model has become fairly important. Most of the existing deep architectures use Rectifier Linear Unit (ReLU)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Nancy Nayak , Sheetal Kalyani

We propose a novel activation function that implements piece-wise orthogonal non-linear mappings based on permutations. It is straightforward to implement, and very computationally efficient, also it has little memory requirements. We…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-02 Artem Chernodub , Dimitri Nowicki

Activation functions are crucial for deep neural networks. This novel work frames the problem of training neural network with learnable polynomial activation functions as a polynomial optimization problem, which is solvable by the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Linghao Zhang , Jiawang Nie , Tingting Tang

Many deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) make incorrect predictions on adversarial samples obtained by imperceptible perturbations of clean samples. We hypothesize that this is caused by a failure to suppress unusual signals within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-18 Qiyang Zhao , Lewis D Griffin

Optical neural networks (ONNs) enable high speed parallel and energy efficient processing compared to conventional digital electronic counterparts. However, realizing large scale systems is an open problem. Among various integrated and…

Artificial neural networks (ANN), typically referred to as neural networks, are a class of Machine Learning algorithms and have achieved widespread success, having been inspired by the biological structure of the human brain. Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Murilo Gustineli

The activation function deployed in a deep neural network has great influence on the performance of the network at initialisation, which in turn has implications for training. In this paper we study how to avoid two problems at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Michael Murray , Vinayak Abrol , Jared Tanner

Activation functions play a central role in neural networks by shaping internal representations. Recently, learning binary activation representations has attracted significant attention due to their advantages in computational and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Seokhun Park , Choeun Kim , Kwanho Lee , Sehyun Park , Insung Kong , Yongdai Kim

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) as Machine Learning (ML) models have recently received a lot of attention as a potentially more energy-efficient alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks. The non-differentiability and sparsity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Maximilian Gollwitzer , Felix Dietrich

Improving the accuracy and robustness of deep neural nets (DNNs) and adapting them to small training data are primary tasks in deep learning research. In this paper, we replace the output activation function of DNNs, typically the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Bao Wang , Stanley J. Osher

Recently proposed methods for implicitly representing signals such as images, scenes, or geometries using coordinate-based neural network architectures often do not leverage the choice of activation functions, or do so only to a limited…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Danzel Serrano , Jakub Szymkowiak , Przemyslaw Musialski

The activation function in neural network introduces the non-linearity required to deal with the complex tasks. Several activation/non-linearity functions are developed for deep learning models. However, most of the existing activation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Swalpa Kumar Roy , Suvojit Manna , Shiv Ram Dubey , Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri

Different activation functions work best for different deep learning models. To exploit this, we leverage recent advancements in gradient-based search techniques for neural architectures to efficiently identify high-performing activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Lukas Strack , Mahmoud Safari , Frank Hutter

Despite their widespread success, deep neural networks remain critically vulnerable to adversarial attacks, posing significant risks in safety-sensitive applications. This paper investigates activation functions as a crucial yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yunrui Yu , Kafeng Wang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Recent deep neural networks (DNNs), such as diffusion models [1], have faced high computational demands. Thus, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted lots of attention as energy-efficient neural networks. However, conventional…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Dayena Jeong , Jaewoo Park , Jeonghee Jo , Jongkil Park , Jaewook Kim , Hyun Jae Jang , Suyoun Lee , Seongsik Park

Due to the limitations of Moore's Law and the increasing demand of computing, optical neural network (ONNs) are gradually coming to the stage as an alternative to electrical neural networks. The control of nonlinear activation functions in…

Optics · Physics 2025-05-13 Zili Cai , Tian Zhang , Jian Dai , Zheng Wang , Kun Xu

We introduce S++, a simple, robust, and deployable framework for training a neural network (NN) using private data from multiple sources, using secret-shared secure function evaluation. In short, consider a virtual third party to whom every…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Prashanthi Ramachandran , Shivam Agarwal , Arup Mondal , Aastha Shah , Debayan Gupta

Current research suggests that the key factors in designing neural network architectures involve choosing number of filters for every convolution layer, number of hidden neurons for every fully connected layer, dropout and pruning. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Himanshu Pradeep Aswani , Amit Sethi

We present the soft exponential activation function for artificial neural networks that continuously interpolates between logarithmic, linear, and exponential functions. This activation function is simple, differentiable, and parameterized…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-04 Luke B. Godfrey , Michael S. Gashler

Implicit neural representations (INRs) are a powerful paradigm for modeling data, offering a continuous alternative to discrete signal representations. Their ability to compactly encode complex signals has led to strong performance in many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Pandula Thennakoon , Avishka Ranasinghe , Mario De Silva , Buwaneka Epakanda , Roshan Godaliyadda , Parakrama Ekanayake , Vijitha Herath