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Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses distribution shifts during testing by adapting a pretrained model without access to source data. In this work, we propose a novel TTA approach for 3D point cloud classification, combining sampling…

Many machine translation toolkits make use of a data preparation step wherein raw data is transformed into a tensor format that can be used directly by the trainer. This preparation step is increasingly at odds with modern research and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Matt Post , Thamme Gowda , Roman Grundkiewicz , Huda Khayrallah , Rohit Jain , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt

Data augmentation is known to contribute significantly to the robustness of machine learning models. In most instances, data augmentation is utilized during the training phase. Test-Time Augmentation (TTA) is a technique that instead…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-20 Masanari Kimura , Howard Bondell

Semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA) adapts a learner to a new domain by effectively utilizing source domain data and a few labeled target samples. It is a practical yet under-investigated research topic. In this paper, we analyze the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Wenqiao Zhang , Changshuo Liu , Can Cui , Beng Chin Ooi

Deep topological data analysis (TDA) offers a principled framework for capturing structural invariants such as connectivity and cycles that persist across scales, making it a natural fit for anomaly segmentation (AS). Unlike thresholdbased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Ali Zia , Usman Ali , Umer Ramzan , Abdul Rehman , Abdelwahed Khamis , Wei Xiang

Test-Time adaptation (TTA) aims to enhance model robustness against distribution shifts through rapid model adaptation during inference. While existing TTA methods often rely on entropy-based unsupervised training and achieve promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Zixuan Hu , Yichun Hu , Ling-Yu Duan

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising paradigm to handle the domain shifts at test time for medical images from different institutions without using extra training data. However, existing TTA solutions for segmentation tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Chuyan Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xin You , Yefeng Zheng , Yun Gu

In non-stationary environments, learning machines usually confront the domain adaptation scenario where the data distribution does change over time. Previous domain adaptation works have achieved great success in theory and practice.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Zhongyi Han , Xian-Jin Gui , Chaoran Cui , Yilong Yin

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) for black-box models accessible only via APIs remains a largely unexplored challenge. Existing approaches such as post-hoc output refinement offer limited adaptive capacity, while Zeroth-Order Optimization (ZOO)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yunbei Zhang , Shuaicheng Niu , Chengyi Cai , Feng Liu , Jihun Hamm

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enables pre-trained models to bridge the gap between source and target datasets using unlabeled test data, addressing domain shifts caused by corruptions like weather changes, noise, or sensor malfunctions in test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yufei Zhang , Yicheng Xu , Hongxin Wei , Zhiping Lin , Xiaofeng Zou , Cen Chen , Huiping Zhuang

Fully test-time adaptation (FTTA) adapts a model that is trained on a source domain to a target domain during the testing phase, where the two domains follow different distributions and source data is unavailable during the training phase.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Houcheng Su , Daixian Liu , Mengzhu Wang , Wei Wang

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) models often experience performance degradation due to data domain shifts introduced at test time, a challenge that is further amplified for child speakers. Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods have shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zhonghao Shi , Xuan Shi , Anfeng Xu , Tiantian Feng , Harshvardhan Srivastava , Shrikanth Narayanan , Maja J. Matarić

Recently, test-time adaptation has garnered attention as a method for tuning models without labeled data. The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time primarily focuses on tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Raza Imam , Asif Hanif , Jian Zhang , Khaled Waleed Dawoud , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mohammad Yaqub

Standard Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods typically treat inference as a blind optimization task, applying generic objectives to all or filtered test samples. In safety-critical medical segmentation, this lack of selectivity often causes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kartik Jhawar , Lipo Wang

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) has emerged as a powerful technique for addressing the distribution shift across various Remote Sensing (RS) applications. However, most UDA approaches require access to source data, which may be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yu Liang , Shilei Cao , Xiucheng Zhang , Juepeng Zheng , Jianxi Huang , Haohuan Fu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to correct performance degradation of deep models under distribution shifts by updating models or inputs using unlabeled test data. Input-only diffusion-based TTA methods improve robustness for classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jihyun Yu , Yoojin Oh , Wonho Bae , Mingyu Kim , Junhyug Noh

Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) is an emerging research topic that aims to understand and recognize human sentiment or emotions through multiple modalities. However, in real-world dynamic scenarios, the distribution of target data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zirun Guo , Tao Jin , Wenlong Xu , Wang Lin , Yangyang Wu

Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to unseen data: they may wrongly assign high confidence stcores to out-distribuion samples. Recent works try to solve the problem using representation learning methods and specific metrics. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Haowei He , Jiaye Teng , Yang Yuan

In modern industrial systems, machinery frequently operates under dynamic environments with continuously varying loads and speeds. Consequently, deep learning-based fault diagnosis models often suffer from severe performance degradation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Yakun Wang , Pengyu Han , Zeyi Liu , Xiao He , Dongming Cai , Hongshuo Zhao

Powerful as they are, graph neural networks (GNNs) are known to be vulnerable to distribution shifts. Recently, test-time adaptation (TTA) has attracted attention due to its ability to adapt a pre-trained model to a target domain, without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Wenxuan Bao , Zhichen Zeng , Zhining Liu , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He
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