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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in various graph problems. However, most GNNs are Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) based on the homophily assumption, where nodes with the same label are connected in graphs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Junjie Xu , Enyan Dai , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Network data can be conveniently modeled as a graph signal, where data values are assigned to nodes of a graph that describes the underlying network topology. Successful learning from network data is built upon methods that effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Fernando Gama , Elvin Isufi , Geert Leus , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have been widely applied in various fields due to their significant power on processing graph-structured data. Typical GCN and its variants work under a homophily assumption (i.e., nodes with same class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Tao Wang , Rui Wang , Di Jin , Dongxiao He , Yuxiao Huang

Graph convolution networks (GCNs) have been enormously successful in learning representations over several graph-based machine learning tasks. Specific to learning rich node representations, most of the methods have solely relied on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Ashish Tiwari , Sresth Tosniwal , Shanmuganathan Raman

Spectral Graph Neural Networks (Spectral GNNs) for node classification promise frequency-domain filtering on graphs, yet rest on flawed foundations. Recent work shows that graph Laplacian eigenvectors do not in general have the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Qin Jiang , Chengjia Wang , Michael Lones , Dongdong Chen , Wei Pang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been successfully employed in a myriad of applications involving graph signals. Theoretical findings establish that GNNs use nonlinear activation functions to create low-eigenvalue frequency content that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Fernando Gama , Brendon G. Anderson , Somayeh Sojoudi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have significant advantages in handling non-Euclidean data and have been widely applied across various areas, thus receiving increasing attention in recent years. The framework of GNN models mainly includes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Shengda Zhuo , Jiwang Fang , Hongguang Lin , Yin Tang , Min Chen , Changdong Wang , Shuqiang Huang

Recent studies on Graph Neural Networks(GNNs) provide both empirical and theoretical evidence supporting their effectiveness in capturing structural patterns on both homophilic and certain heterophilic graphs. Notably, most real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Haitao Mao , Zhikai Chen , Wei Jin , Haoyu Han , Yao Ma , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Jiliang Tang

Many real-world graphs (networks) are heterogeneous with different types of nodes and edges. Heterogeneous graph embedding, aiming at learning the low-dimensional node representations of a heterogeneous graph, is vital for various…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Wentao Xu , Yingce Xia , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian , Jian Yin , Tie-Yan Liu

Geometric deep learning has made great strides towards generalizing the design of structure-aware neural networks from traditional domains to non-Euclidean ones, giving rise to graph neural networks (GNN) that can be applied to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-28 Frederik Wenkel , Yimeng Min , Matthew Hirn , Michael Perlmutter , Guy Wolf

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for nonlinear processing of graph signals, exhibiting success in recommender systems, power outage prediction, and motion planning, among others. GNNs consists of a cascade of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Fernando Gama , Joan Bruna , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains, yet they often struggle with domain adaptation due to significant structural distribution shifts and insufficient exploration of transferable patterns. One of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Haoyu Zhang , Yuxuan Cheng , Wenqi Fan , Yulong Chen , Yifan Zhang

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) have been widely used in graph learning. It has been observed that the smoothness functional on graphs can be defined in terms of the graph Laplacian. This fact points out in the direction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Asif Salim , Sumitra S

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been used effectively in different applications involving the processing of signals on irregular structures modeled by graphs. Relying on the use of shift-invariant graph filters, GNNs extend the operation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Alejandro Parada-Mayorga , Luana Ruiz , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) often assume strong homophily for graph classification, seldom considering heterophily, which means connected nodes tend to have different class labels and dissimilar features. In real-world scenarios, graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jiayi Yang , Sourav Medya , Wei Ye

Real-world graphs are typically complex, exhibiting heterogeneity in the global structure, as well as strong heterophily within local neighborhoods. While a growing body of literature has revealed the limitations of common graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Jintang Li , Zheng Wei , Jiawang Dan , Jing Zhou , Yuchang Zhu , Ruofan Wu , Baokun Wang , Zhang Zhen , Changhua Meng , Hong Jin , Zibin Zheng , Liang Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success across various domains by leveraging graph structures in data. Existing spectral GNNs, which use low-degree polynomial filters to capture graph spectral properties, may not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Vahan Martirosyan , Jhony H. Giraldo , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Spectral Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), also referred to as graph filters have gained increasing prevalence for heterophily graphs. Optimal graph filters rely on Laplacian eigendecomposition for Fourier transform. In an attempt to avert the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Keke Huang , Pietro Liò

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in addressing node classification tasks. However, the effectiveness of traditional GNNs degrades on heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes often belong to different labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Asela Hevapathige , Asiri Wijesinghe , Ahad N. Zehmakan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted considerable attention from the research community. It is well established that GNNs are usually roughly divided into spatial and spectral methods. Despite that spectral GNNs play an important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Deyu Bo , Xiao Wang , Yang Liu , Yuan Fang , Yawen Li , Chuan Shi