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Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a standard optimization method to minimize a training error with respect to network parameters in modern neural network learning. However, it typically suffers from proliferation of saddle points in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Haiping Huang , Taro Toyoizumi

To improve the off-sample generalization of classical procedures minimizing the empirical risk under potentially heavy-tailed data, new robust learning algorithms have been proposed in recent years, with generalized median-of-means…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-16 Matthew J. Holland

Adaptive gradient methods, e.g. \textsc{Adam}, have achieved tremendous success in machine learning. Scaling the learning rate element-wisely by a certain form of second moment estimate of gradients, such methods are able to attain rapid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Yizhou Wang , Yue Kang , Can Qin , Huan Wang , Yi Xu , Yulun Zhang , Yun Fu

Despite superior training outcomes, adaptive optimization methods such as Adam, Adagrad or RMSprop have been found to generalize poorly compared to Stochastic gradient descent (SGD). These methods tend to perform well in the initial portion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Nitish Shirish Keskar , Richard Socher

When applied to training deep neural networks, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) often incurs steady progression phases, interrupted by catastrophic episodes in which loss and gradient norm explode. A possible mitigation of such events is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-06 Alice Schoenauer-Sebag , Marc Schoenauer , Michèle Sebag

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a foundational algorithm for large-scale statistical learning and stochastic optimization. However, statistical inference based on SGD iterates remains challenging when stochastic gradients have infinite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Jose Blanchet , Peter Glynn , Wenhao Yang

Forward gradient descent (FGD) has been proposed as a biologically more plausible alternative of gradient descent as it can be computed without backward pass. Considering the linear model with $d$ parameters, previous work has found that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Niklas Dexheimer , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Recently there are a considerable amount of work devoted to the study of the algorithmic stability and generalization for stochastic gradient descent (SGD). However, the existing stability analysis requires to impose restrictive assumptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Yunwen Lei , Yiming Ying

Surrogate gradients are a standard tool for training spiking neural networks (SNNs), but conventional hard forward or surrogate backward training couples a nonsmooth forward model with a biased gradient estimator. We study sharpness aware…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Maximilian Nicholson

We develop a new method of online inference for a vector of parameters estimated by the Polyak-Ruppert averaging procedure of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms. We leverage insights from time series regression in econometrics and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-09 Sokbae Lee , Yuan Liao , Myung Hwan Seo , Youngki Shin

Machine learning models trained with \emph{stochastic} gradient descent (SGD) can generalize better than those trained with deterministic gradient descent (GD). In this work, we study SGD's impact on generalization through the lens of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hongjian Lan , Yucong Liu , Florian Schäfer

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), a widely used optimization algorithm in deep learning, is often limited to converging to local optima due to the non-convex nature of the problem. Leveraging these local optima to improve model performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Hao Chen , Yusen Wu , Phuong Nguyen , Chao Liu , Yelena Yesha

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) or stochastic approximation has been widely used in model training and stochastic optimization. While there is a huge literature on analyzing its convergence, inference on the obtained solutions from SGD…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-01 Henry Lam , Zitong Wang

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods see many uses in optimization problems. Modifications to the algorithm, such as momentum-based SGD methods have been known to produce better results in certain cases. Much of this, however, is due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Eric Lu

Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (ASGD) is a standard way to exploit heterogeneous compute resources in distributed learning: instead of forcing fast workers to wait for slow ones, the server updates the model whenever a gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ammar Mahran , Artavazd Maranjyan , Peter Richtárik

Gradient descent algorithm is the most utilized method when optimizing machine learning issues. However, there exists many local minimums and saddle points in the loss function, especially for high dimensional non-convex optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Zhicheng Cai

The success of deep learning can be attributed to various factors such as increase in computational power, large datasets, deep convolutional neural networks, optimizers etc. Particularly, the choice of optimizer affects the generalization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Anirudh Maiya , Inumella Sricharan , Anshuman Pandey , Srinivas K. S

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is commonly used for optimization in large-scale machine learning problems. Langford et al. (2009) introduce a sparse online learning method to induce sparsity via truncated gradient. With high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-10 Yuting Ma , Tian Zheng

Standard gradient descent methods yield point estimates with no measure of confidence. This limitation is acute in overparameterized and low-data regimes, where models have many parameters relative to available data and can easily overfit.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Carlos Stein Brito

Adaptive gradient optimization methods, such as Adam, are prevalent in training deep neural networks across diverse machine learning tasks due to their ability to achieve faster convergence. However, these methods often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Abulikemu Abuduweili , Changliu Liu
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