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Accurate and timely detection of cyber threats is critical to keeping our online economy and data safe. A key technique in early detection is the classification of unusual patterns of network behaviour, often hidden as low-frequency events…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Anthony Kenyon , Lipika Deka , David Elizondo

The substantial growth of network traffic speed and volume presents practical challenges to network data analysis. Packet thinning and flow aggregation protocols such as NetFlow reduce the size of datasets by providing structured data…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-01 Prosha A. Rahman , Boris Beranger , Matthew Roughan , Scott A. Sisson

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are getting increasingly harmful to the Internet, showing no signs of slowing down. Developing an accurate detection mechanism to thwart DDoS attacks is still a big challenge due to the rich…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Raja Giryes , Lior Shafir , Avishai Wool

In the Internet of Things (IoT) environment, continuous interaction among a large number of devices generates complex and dynamic network traffic, which poses significant challenges to rule-based detection approaches. Machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Chao Zha , Haolin Pan , Bing Bai , Jiangxing Wu , Ruyun Zhang

Programmable data planes offer precise control over the low-level processing steps applied to network packets, serving as a valuable tool for analysing malicious flows in the field of intrusion detection. Albeit with limitations on physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Roberto Doriguzzi-Corin , Luis Augusto Dias Knob , Luca Mendozzi , Domenico Siracusa , Marco Savi

A growing issue in the modern cyberspace world is the direct identification of malicious activity over network connections. The boom of the machine learning industry in the past few years has led to the increasing usage of machine learning…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Jinoh Kim , Caitlin Sim , Jinhwan Choi

Increased adoption and deployment of phasor measurement units (PMU) has provided valuable fine-grained data over the grid. Analysis over these data can provide insight into the health of the grid, thereby improving control over operations.…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-05-26 Ben McCamish , Rich Meier , Jordan Landford , Robert Bass , Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez , David Chiu

Flow records, that summarize the characteristics of traffic flows, represent a practical and powerful way to monitor a network. While they already offer significant compression compared to full packet captures, their sheer volume remains…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Gabriele Merlach , Damiano Ravalico , Martino Trevisan , Fabio Palmese , Giovanni Baccichet , Alessandro E. C. Redondi

High-quality datasets are critical for training machine learning models, as inconsistencies in feature generation can hinder the accuracy and reliability of threat detection. For this reason, ensuring the quality of the data in network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Daniela Pinto , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Ivone Amorim , Isabel Praça

We study the problem of estimating optical flow from event cameras. One important issue is how to build a high-quality event-flow dataset with accurate event values and flow labels. Previous datasets are created by either capturing real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Xinglong Luo , Kunming Luo , Ao Luo , Zhengning Wang , Ping Tan , Shuaicheng Liu

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have progressively shifted from signature-based techniques toward machine learning and, more recently, deep learning methods. Meanwhile, the widespread adoption of encryption has reduced payload…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Abdelkader El Mahdaouy , Issam Ait Yahia , Soufiane Oualil , Ismail Berrada

Network security analysts gather data from diverse sources, from high-level summaries of network flow and traffic volumes to low-level details such as service logs from servers and the contents of individual packets. They validate and check…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Michael Collins , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Dristi Dinesh , Mukund Raghothaman , Srivatsan Ravi , Yuan Xia

Labeled data sets are necessary to train and evaluate anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems. This work provides a focused literature survey of data sets for network-based intrusion detection and describes the underlying packet-…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Markus Ring , Sarah Wunderlich , Deniz Scheuring , Dieter Landes , Andreas Hotho

This paper investigates the temporal analysis of NetFlow datasets for machine learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). Although many previous studies have highlighted the critical role of temporal features, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Majed Luay , Siamak Layeghy , Seyedehfaezeh Hosseininoorbin , Mohanad Sarhan , Nour Moustafa , Marius Portmann

Most of the intrusion detection methods in computer networks are based on traffic flow characteristics. However, this approach may not fully exploit the potential of deep learning algorithms to directly extract features and patterns from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Aleksander Ogonowski , Michał Żebrowski , Arkadiusz Ćwiek , Tobiasz Jarosiewicz , Konrad Klimaszewski , Adam Padee , Piotr Wasiuk , Michał Wójcik

Event data are prevalent in diverse domains such as financial trading, business workflows and industrial IoT nowadays. An event is often characterized by several attributes denoting the meaning associated with the corresponding occurrence…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Ruihong Huang , Jianmin Wang

A method for detecting electronic data theft from computer networks is described, capable of recognizing patterns of remote exfiltration occurring over days to weeks. Normal traffic flow data, in the form of a host's ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Brian A. Powell

Process models may be automatically generated from event logs that contain as-is data of a business process. While such models generalize over the control-flow of specific, recorded process executions, they are often also annotated with…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Henrik Kirchmann , Stephan A. Fahrenkrog-Petersen , Felix Mannhardt , Matthias Weidlich

In this paper we offer a preliminary study of the application of Bayesian coresets to network security data. Network intrusion detection is a field that could take advantage of Bayesian machine learning in modelling uncertainty and managing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Fabio Massimo Zennaro

Benchmark datasets for network intrusion detection commonly rely on synthetically generated traffic, which fails to reflect the statistical variability and temporal drift encountered in operational environments. This paper introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Joshua Schraven , Alexander Windmann , Oliver Niggemann
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