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Traditional per-title encoding schemes aim to optimize encoding resolutions to deliver the highest perceptual quality for each representation. However, keeping the encoding time within an acceptable threshold for a smooth user experience is…

In HTTP Adaptive Streaming, video content is conventionally encoded by adapting its spatial resolution and quantization level to best match the prevailing network state and display characteristics. It is well known that the traditional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Angeliki V. Katsenou , Fan Zhang , Kyle Swanson , Mariana Afonso , Joel Sole , David R. Bull

In HTTP adaptive live streaming applications, video segments are encoded at a fixed set of bitrate-resolution pairs known as bitrate ladder. Live encoders use the fastest available encoding configuration, referred to as preset, to ensure…

One of the challenges faced by many video providers is the heterogeneity of network specifications, user requirements, and content compression performance. The universal solution of a fixed bitrate ladder is inadequate in ensuring a high…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Angeliki V. Katsenou , Joel Sole , David R. Bull

Adaptive video streaming is a key enabler for optimising the delivery of offline encoded video content. The research focus to date has been on optimisation, based solely on rate-quality curves. This paper adds an additional dimension, the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Angeliki Katsenou , Xinyi Wang , Daniel Schien , David Bull

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is a widely adopted method for delivering video content over the Internet, requiring each video to be encoded at multiple bitrates and resolution pairs, known as representations, to adapt to various network…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kamran Qureshi , Hadi Amirpour , Christian Timmerer

The integration of advanced video codecs into the streaming pipeline is growing in response to the increasing demand for high quality video content. However, the significant computational demand for advanced codecs like Versatile Video…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yiqun Liu , Hadi Amirpour , Mohsen Abdoli , Christian Timmerer , Thomas Guionnet

Adaptive live video streaming applications use a fixed predefined configuration for the bitrate ladder with constant framerate and encoding presets in a session. However, selecting optimized framerates and presets for every bitrate ladder…

The growth in video Internet traffic and advancements in video attributes such as framerate, resolution, and bit-depth boost the demand to devise a large-scale, highly efficient video encoding environment. This is even more essential for…

Changing the encoding parameters, in particular the video resolution, is a common practice before transcoding. To this end, streaming and broadcast platforms benefit from so-called bitrate ladders to determine the optimal resolution for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Fatemeh Nasiri , Wassim Hamidouche , Luce Morin , Nicolas Dholland , Jean-Yves Aubié

In live streaming applications, a fixed set of bitrate-resolution pairs (known as bitrate ladder) is generally used to avoid additional pre-processing run-time to analyze the complexity of every video content and determine the optimized…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Vignesh V Menon , Hadi Amirpour , Prajit T Rajendran , Mohammad Ghanbari , Christian Timmerer

The demand for efficient multi-rate encoding techniques has surged with the increasing prevalence of ultra-high-definition (UHD) video content, particularly in adaptive streaming scenarios where a single video must be encoded at multiple…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Vignesh V Menon , Adam Wieckowski , Yiquin Liu , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

Pareto-front optimization is crucial for addressing the multi-objective challenges in video streaming, enabling the identification of optimal trade-offs between conflicting goals such as bitrate, video quality, and decoding complexity. This…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Angeliki Katsenou , Vignesh V Menon , Adam Wieckowski , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

Optimizing framerate for a given bitrate-spatial resolution pair in adaptive video streaming is essential to maintain perceptual quality while considering decoding complexity. Low framerates at low bitrates reduce compression artifacts and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Prajit T Rajendran , Samira Afzal , Vignesh V Menon , Christian Timmerer

In video streaming applications, a fixed set of bitrate-resolution pairs (known as a bitrate ladder) is typically used during the entire streaming session. However, an optimized bitrate ladder per scene may result in (i) decreased storage…

By 2022, we expect video traffic to reach 82% of the total internet traffic. Undoubtedly, the abundance of video-driven applications will likely lead internet video traffic percentage to a further increase in the near future, enabled by…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Gangadharan Esakki , Andreas Panayides , Venkatesh Jatla , Marios Pattichis

The optimization of the energy demand is crucial for modern video codecs. Previous studies show that the energy demand of VVC decoders can be improved by more than 50% if specific coding tools are disabled in the encoder. However, those…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-16 Matthias Kränzler , Adam Wieckowski , Geetha Ramasubbu , Benjamin Bross , André Kaup , Detlev Marpe , Christian Herglotz

Adaptive video streaming has facilitated improved video streaming over the past years. A balance among coding performance objectives such as bitrate, video quality, and decoding complexity is required to achieve efficient, content- and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Angeliki Katsenou , Vignesh V. Menon , Guoda Laurinaviciute , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

Video streaming now represents the dominant share of Internet traffic, as ever-higher-resolution content is distributed across a growing range of heterogeneous devices to sustain user Quality of Experience (QoE). However, this trend raises…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zoha Azimi , Reza Farahani , Vignesh V Menon , Christian Timmerer

In previous research, it was shown that the software decoding energy demand of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) can be reduced by 15$\%$ by using a decoding-energy-rate-distortion optimization algorithm. To achieve this, the energy…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-22 Matthias Kränzler , Christian Herglotz , André Kaup
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