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Large language models (LLMs) provide excellent text-generation capabilities, but standard prompting and generation methods generally do not lead to intentional or goal-directed agents and might necessitate considerable prompt tuning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Charlie Snell , Charles Sun , Joey Hong , Yuexiang Zhai , Kelvin Xu , Sergey Levine

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong promise for robotic task planning, particularly through the automatic generation of symbolic planning domains. However, prior work mainly treats generated domains as planning utilities. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jinbang Huang , Zhiyuan Li , Yuanzhao Hu , Zhanguang Zhang , Mark Coates , Xingyue Quan , Yingxue Zhang

Multi-task policy search is a challenging problem because policies are required to generalize beyond training cases. Curriculum learning has proven to be effective in this setting, as it introduces complexity progressively. However,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Berfin Sakallioglu , Giorgia Nadizar , Eric Medvet

While reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved notable success in various domains, training effective policies for complex tasks remains challenging. Agents often converge to local optima and fail to maximize long-term rewards. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Heng Tan , Hua Yan , Yu Yang

Background: Traditional research on collaborative learning scaffolding is often time-consuming and resource-heavy, which hinders the rapid iteration and optimization of instructional strategies. LLM-based multi-agent systems have recently…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Han Wua , Lishan Zhang , Chunming Lu

Reinforcement learning is a promising paradigm for solving sequential decision-making problems, but low data efficiency and weak generalization across tasks are bottlenecks in real-world applications. Model-based meta reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Qi Wang , Herke van Hoof

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked a revolution across many research fields. In robotics, the integration of common-sense knowledge from LLMs into task and motion planning has drastically advanced the field by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yuchen Liu , Luigi Palmieri , Sebastian Koch , Ilche Georgievski , Marco Aiello

In the realm of data-driven AI technology, the application of open-source large language models (LLMs) in robotic task planning represents a significant milestone. Recent robotic task planning methods based on open-source LLMs typically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yike Wu , Jiatao Zhang , Nan Hu , LanLing Tang , Guilin Qi , Jun Shao , Jie Ren , Wei Song

The language generation and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled conversational systems with impressive performance in a variety of tasks, from code generation, to composing essays, to passing STEM and legal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Konstantina Christakopoulou , Iris Qu , John Canny , Andrew Goodridge , Cj Adams , Minmin Chen , Maja Matarić

In this work, we introduce SMART-LLM, an innovative framework designed for embodied multi-robot task planning. SMART-LLM: Smart Multi-Agent Robot Task Planning using Large Language Models (LLMs), harnesses the power of LLMs to convert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Shyam Sundar Kannan , Vishnunandan L. N. Venkatesh , Byung-Cheol Min

We introduce a new RL problem where the agent is required to generalize to a previously-unseen environment characterized by a subtask graph which describes a set of subtasks and their dependencies. Unlike existing hierarchical multitask RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Sungryull Sohn , Junhyuk Oh , Honglak Lee

Designing effective task-level prompts is crucial for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). While prior work on instruction induction demonstrates that LLMs can infer better instructions with limited examples, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Po-Chun Chen , Hen-Hsen Huang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building generalist agents that can learn through online interactions. However, applying reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLM agents in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanchen Zhang , Xiao Liu , Bowen Lv , Xueqiao Sun , Bohao Jing , Iat Long Iong , Zhenyu Hou , Zehan Qi , Hanyu Lai , Yifan Xu , Rui Lu , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

The generalization ability of most meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) methods is largely limited to test tasks that are sampled from the same distribution used to sample training tasks. To overcome the limitation, we propose Latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Suyoung Lee , Sae-Young Chung

Curriculum learning is a training mechanism in reinforcement learning (RL) that facilitates the achievement of complex policies by progressively increasing the task difficulty during training. However, designing effective curricula for a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Kanghyun Ryu , Qiayuan Liao , Zhongyu Li , Payam Delgosha , Koushil Sreenath , Negar Mehr

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous driving systems demonstrates strong common sense and reasoning abilities, effectively addressing the pitfalls of purely data-driven methods. Current LLM-based agents require…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Xiangyu Yin , Guangliang Cheng , Xingyu Zhao , Meng Fang , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang

The process of creating training data to teach models is currently driven by humans, who manually analyze model weaknesses and plan how to create data that improves a student model. Approaches using LLMs as annotators reduce human effort,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Zaid Khan , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Jaemin Cho , Mohit Bansal

Large language models (LLMs) excel in tasks like question answering and dialogue, but complex tasks requiring interaction, such as negotiation and persuasion, require additional long-horizon reasoning and planning. Reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Joey Hong , Anca Dragan , Sergey Levine

Researchers and practitioners have recently reframed powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents, enabling them to automate complex tasks largely via the use of specialized functions. To facilitate the development of LLM agents, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Shaokun Zhang , Jieyu Zhang , Jiale Liu , Linxin Song , Chi Wang , Ranjay Krishna , Qingyun Wu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is essential for evolving Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents capable of long-horizon planning, yet a practical recipe for scaling RL in complex, multi-turn environments remains elusive. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xixi Wu , Qianguo Sun , Ruiyang Zhang , Chao Song , Junlong Wu , Yiyan Qi , Hong Cheng