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With the rapid growth of deep neural networks (DNNs), compute-in-memory (CIM) has emerged as a promising energy-efficient paradigm for accelerating multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. Yet, current CIM architectures are largely limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

This paper discusses recent research that aims to enable computation close to data, an approach we broadly call processing-in-memory (PIM). PIM places computation mechanisms in or near where the data is stored (i.e., inside memory chips or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Onur Mutlu , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Geraldo F. Oliveira

Processing-in-DRAM (DRAM-PIM) has emerged as a promising technology for accelerating memory-intensive operations in modern applications, such as Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite its potential, current software stacks for DRAM-PIM face…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yongwon Shin , Dookyung Kang , Hyojin Sung

Triangle counting (TC) is a fundamental problem in graph analysis and has found numerous applications, which motivates many TC acceleration solutions in the traditional computing platforms like GPU and FPGA. However, these approaches suffer…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Xueyan Wang , Jianlei Yang , Yinglin Zhao , Yingjie Qi , Meichen Liu , Xingzhou Cheng , Xiaotao Jia , Xiaoming Chen , Gang Qu , Weisheng Zhao

Digital processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures are rapidly emerging to overcome the memory-wall bottleneck by integrating logic within memory elements. Such architectures provide vast computational power within the memory itself in the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Orian Leitersdorf , Dean Leitersdorf , Jonathan Gal , Mor Dahan , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

In this paper, we propose PIM-LLM, a hybrid architecture developed to accelerate 1-bit large language models (LLMs). PIM-LLM leverages analog processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures and digital systolic arrays to accelerate low-precision…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Jinendra Malekar , Peyton Chandarana , Md Hasibul Amin , Mohammed E. Elbtity , Ramtin Zand

Processing-in-memory (PIM), as a novel computing paradigm, provides significant performance benefits from the aspect of effective data movement reduction. SRAM-based PIM has been demonstrated as one of the most promising candidates due to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Xiaolin He , Yingjie Qi , Yikun Wang , Yiou Wang , Ziyan He , Bonan Yan , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Weitao Pan , Weisheng Zhao

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a promising choice for accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) featuring high efficiency and low power. However, the rapid upscaling of neural network model sizes poses a crucial challenge for the limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Ruibao Wang , Bonan Yan

The performance gap between memory and processor has grown rapidly. Consequently, the energy and wall-clock time costs associated with moving data between the CPU and main memory predominate the overall computational cost. The…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Qingcai Jiang , Shaojie Tan , Junshi Chen , Hong An

Text generation is a compelling sub-field of natural language processing, aiming to generate human-readable text from input words. In particular, the decoder-only generative models, such as generative pre-trained transformer (GPT), are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Wontak Han , Hyunjun Cho , Donghyuk Kim , Joo-Young Kim

Today's computing systems require moving data back-and-forth between computing resources (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, accelerators) and off-chip main memory so that computation can take place on the data. Unfortunately, this data movement is a major…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Amirali Boroumand , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

SRAM Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as the most promising implementation for high-performance PIM, delivering superior computing density, energy efficiency, and computational precision. However, the pursuit of higher performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuanpeng Zhang , Xing Hu , Xi Chen , Zhihang Yuan , Cong Li , Jingchen Zhu , Zhao Wang , Chenguang Zhang , Xin Si , Wei Gao , Qiang Wu , Runsheng Wang , Guangyu Sun

In-memory database query processing frequently involves substantial data transfers between the CPU and memory, leading to inefficiencies due to Von Neumann bottleneck. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer a viable solution to…

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as the go to solution for addressing the von Neumann bottleneck in edge AI accelerators. However, state-of-the-art (SoTA) digital PIM approaches suffer from low compute density, primarily due to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mukul Lokhande , Narendra Singh Dhakad , Seema Chouhan , Akash Sankhe , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

This paper evaluates the efficacy of recent commercial processing-in-memory (PIM) solutions to accelerate fast Fourier transform (FFT), an important primitive across several domains. Specifically, we observe that efficient implementations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Mohamed Assem Ibrahim , Shaizeen Aga

Training machine learning algorithms is a computationally intensive process, which is frequently memory-bound due to repeatedly accessing large training datasets. As a result, processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) suffer from costly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Juan Gómez-Luna , Yuxin Guo , Sylvan Brocard , Julien Legriel , Remy Cimadomo , Geraldo F. Oliveira , Gagandeep Singh , Onur Mutlu

The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is essential for various applications ranging from signal processing to convolution and polynomial multiplication. The groundbreaking Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm reduces DFT time complexity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Orian Leitersdorf , Yahav Boneh , Gonen Gazit , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

Data movement between memory and processors is a major bottleneck in modern computing systems. The processing-in-memory (PIM) paradigm aims to alleviate this bottleneck by performing computation inside memory chips. Real PIM hardware (e.g.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jinfan Chen , Juan Gómez-Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Yuxin Guo , Onur Mutlu

Computing on encrypted data is a promising approach to reduce data security and privacy risks, with homomorphic encryption serving as a facilitator in achieving this goal. In this work, we accelerate homomorphic operations using the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Harshita Gupta , Mayank Kabra , Juan Gómez-Luna , Konstantinos Kanellopoulos , Onur Mutlu

The increasing complexity of transformer models in artificial intelligence expands their computational costs, memory usage, and energy consumption. Hardware acceleration tackles the ensuing challenges by designing processors and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Alireza Amirshahi , Giovanni Ansaloni , David Atienza