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Clustering is an essential task to unsupervised learning. It tries to automatically separate instances into coherent subsets. As one of the most well-known clustering algorithms, k-means assigns sample points at the boundary to a unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Sixiao Zheng , Ke Fan , Yanxi Hou , Jianfeng Feng , Yanwei Fu

We introduce the $(p,q)$-Fair Clustering problem. In this problem, we are given a set of points $P$ and a collection of different weight functions $W$. We would like to find a clustering which minimizes the $\ell_q$-norm of the vector over…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Eden Chlamtáč , Yury Makarychev , Ali Vakilian

We study the $k$-means problem for a set $\mathcal{S} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ of $n$ segments, aiming to find $k$ centers $X \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ that minimize $D(\mathcal{S},X) := \sum_{S \in \mathcal{S}} \min_{x \in X} D(S,x)$, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 David Denisov , Shlomi Dolev , Dan Felmdan , Michael Segal

Constructing small-sized coresets for various clustering problems in different metric spaces has attracted significant attention for the past decade. A central problem in the coreset literature is to understand what is the best possible…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Lingxiao Huang , Jian Li , Xuan Wu

Recent advances in center-based clustering continue to improve upon the drawbacks of Lloyd's celebrated $k$-means algorithm over $60$ years after its introduction. Various methods seek to address poor local minima, sensitivity to outliers,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-28 Debolina Paul , Saptarshi Chakraborty , Swagatam Das , Jason Xu

Clustering is one of the most fundamental and important tasks in data mining. Traditional clustering algorithms, such as K-means, assign every data point to exactly one cluster. However, in real-world datasets, the clusters may overlap with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-08 Yangyang Hou , Joyce Jiyoung Whang , David F. Gleich , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Clustering is a well-studied unsupervised learning task that aims to partition data points into a number of clusters. In many applications, these clusters correspond to real-world constructs (e.g., electoral districts, playlists, TV…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Connor Lawless , Oktay Gunluk

Center-based clustering is a pivotal primitive for unsupervised learning and data analysis. A popular variant is undoubtedly the k-means problem, which, given a set $P$ of points from a metric space and a parameter $k<|P|$, requires to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Enrico Dandolo , Andrea Pietracaprina , Geppino Pucci

Clustering is considered a non-supervised learning setting, in which the goal is to partition a collection of data points into disjoint clusters. Often a bound $k$ on the number of clusters is given or assumed by the practitioner. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-01 Nir Ailon , Ron Begleiter

Clustering is a NP-hard problem. Thus, no optimal algorithm exists, heuristics are applied to cluster the data. Heuristics can be very resource-intensive, if not applied properly. For substantially large data sets computational efficiencies…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Mujahid Sultan

We initiate the study of coresets for clustering in graph metrics, i.e., the shortest-path metric of edge-weighted graphs. Such clustering problems are essential to data analysis and used for example in road networks and data visualization.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Daniel Baker , Vladimir Braverman , Lingxiao Huang , Shaofeng H. -C. Jiang , Robert Krauthgamer , Xuan Wu

We consider online $k$-means clustering where each new point is assigned to the nearest cluster center, after which the algorithm may update its centers. The loss incurred is the sum of squared distances from new points to their assigned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Robi Bhattacharjee , Jacob Imola , Michal Moshkovitz , Sanjoy Dasgupta

We extend the fair machine learning literature by considering the problem of proportional centroid clustering in a metric context. For clustering $n$ points with $k$ centers, we define fairness as proportionality to mean that any $n/k$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Xingyu Chen , Brandon Fain , Liang Lyu , Kamesh Munagala

Clustering is one of the widely used techniques to find out patterns from a dataset that can be applied in different applications or analyses. K-means, the most popular and simple clustering algorithm, might get trapped into local minima if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Zillur Rahman , Md. Sabir Hossain , Mohammad Hasan , Ahmed Imteaj

In all state-of-the-art sketching and coreset techniques for clustering, as well as in the best known fixed-parameter tractable approximation algorithms, randomness plays a key role. For the classic $k$-median and $k$-means problems, there…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Vincent Cohen-Addad , David Saulpic , Chris Schwiegelshohn

We study the \LowerBoundedCenter (\lbc) problem, which is a clustering problem that can be viewed as a variant of the \kCenter problem. In the \lbc problem, we are given a set of points P in a metric space and a lower bound \lambda, and the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-04-30 Alina Ene , Sariel Har-Peled , Benjamin Raichel

We investigate a general formulation for clustering and transductive few-shot learning, which integrates prototype-based objectives, Laplacian regularization and supervision constraints from a few labeled data points. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Imtiaz Masud Ziko , Malik Boudiaf , Jose Dolz , Eric Granger , Ismail Ben Ayed

We analyze online \cite{BottouBengio} and mini-batch \cite{Sculley} $k$-means variants. Both scale up the widely used $k$-means algorithm via stochastic approximation, and have become popular for large-scale clustering and unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Cheng Tang , Claire Monteleoni

Supervised classification can be effective for prediction but sometimes weak on interpretability or explainability (XAI). Clustering, on the other hand, tends to isolate categories or profiles that can be meaningful but there is no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Vincent Lemaire , Oumaima Alaoui Ismaili , Antoine Cornuéjols , Dominique Gay

We revisit Pollard's classical result on consistency for $k$-means clustering in Euclidean space, with a focus on extensions in two directions: first, to problems where the data may come from interesting geometric settings (e.g., Riemannian…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Adam Quinn Jaffe