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In this paper, we introduce the notion of a finite non-simple directed graph, called an ornated graph and initiate a study on ornated graphs. An ornated graph is a directed graph on $n$ vertices, denoted by $O_n(s_l)$, whose vertices are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-29 Johan Kok , Sudev Naduvath , Vivian Mukungunugwa

Let $G$ be a finite abelian group of order $n$. For any subset $B$ of $G$ with $B=-B$, the Cayley graph $G_B$ is a graph on vertex set $G$ in which $ij$ is an edge if and only if $i-j\in B.$ It was shown by Ben Green that when $G$ is a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-05-20 Gyan Prakash

In this paper we introduce and study a type of Cayley graph -- subnormal Cayley graph. We prove that a subnormal 2-arc transitive Cayley graph is a normal Cayley graph or a normal cover of a complete bipartite graph $K_{p^d,p^d}$ with $p$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Shu Jiao Song

We construct a connected cubic nonnormal Cayley graph on $\mathrm{A}_{2^m-1}$ for each integer $m\geqslant4$ and determine its full automorphism group. This is the first infinite family of connected cubic nonnormal Cayley graphs on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-21 Jiyong Chen , Binzhou Xia , Jin-Xin Zhou

A Cayley graph of a group $H$ is a finite simple graph $\Gamma$ such that its automorphism group ${\rm Aut}(\Gamma)$ contains a subgroup isomorphic to $H$ acting regularly on $V(\Gamma)$, while a Haar graph of $H$ is a finite simple…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-14 Yan-Quan Feng , István Kovács , Jie Wang , Da-Wei Yang

A digraph is called an $n$-Cayley digraph if its automorphism group has an $n$-orbit semiregular subgroup. We determine the splitting fields of $n$-Cayley digraphs over abelian groups and compute a bound on their algebraic degrees, before…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Hao Li , Xiaogang Liu

A graph $\Gamma$ is said to be unstable if for the direct product $\Gamma \times K_2$, $Aut(\Gamma \times K_2)$ is not isomorphic to $Aut(\Gamma) \times \mathbb{Z}_2$. In this paper we show that a connected and non-bipartite Cayley graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Ademir Hujdurović , István Kovács

A graph $X$ is said to be a pattern polynomial graph if its adjacency algebra is a coherent algebra. In this study we will find a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph to be a pattern polynomial graph. Some of the properties of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-24 A. Satyanarayana Reddy , Shashank K Mehta

In this paper, we investigate structural properties of the Cayley graph of a quandle and describe this graph for several important classes of quandles, including conjugation, Takasaki, dihedral, and Alexander quandles. In particular, we…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-21 David Dolžan , Bogdana Oliynyk

A Cayley Graph for a group $G$ is called normal edge-transitive if it admits an edge-transitive action of some subgroup of the Holomorph of $G$ (the normaliser of a regular copy of $G$ in $\operatorname{Sym}(G)$). We complete the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-10 Brian P. Corr , Cheryl E. Praeger

A Cayley graph over a group G is said to be central if its connection set is a normal subset of G. It is proved that for any two central Cayley graphs over explicitly given almost simple groups of order n, the set of all isomorphisms from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-01 Ilia Ponomarenko , Andrey Vasil'ev

A Cayley (di)graph $Cay(G,S)$ of a group $G$ with respect to $S$ is said to be normal if the right regular representation of $G$ is normal in the automorphism group of $Cay(G,S)$, and is called a CI-(di)graph if there is $\alpha\in Aut(G)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-03 Jin-Hua Xie , Yan-Quan Feng , Jin-Xin Zhou

A graph is called a chain graph if it is bipartite and the neighborhoods of the vertices in each color class form a chain with respect to inclusion. Alazemi, Andeli\'c and Simi\'c conjectured that no chain graph shares a non-zero…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-13 Ebrahim Ghorbani

An antimagic labeling of a graph $G$ with $m$ edges is a bijection from $E(G)$ to $\{1,2,\ldots,m\}$ such that for all vertices $u$ and $v$, the sum of labels on edges incident to $u$ differs from that for edges incident to $v$. Hartsfield…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-06 Daniel W. Cranston

For a graph $\Gamma=(V\Gamma,E\Gamma)$, a subset $D$ of $V\Gamma$ is a perfect code in $\Gamma$ if every vertex of $\Gamma$ is dominated by exactly one vertex in $D$. In this paper, we classify all connected quartic Cayley graphs on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Chengcheng Dong , Yuefeng Yang , Changchang Dong

For a group $G$ and subsets $S,T \subset G$ we introduce the mirror di-Cayley graph $MX(G;S,T)$ and mirror di-Cayley sum graph $MX^+(G;S,T)$ with connections sets $S$ and $T$ (MDCGs for short). We refer to them indistinctly by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-22 Paula M. Chiapparoli , Ricardo A. Podestá

A graph is odd if all of its vertices have odd degrees. In particular, an odd spanning tree in a connected graph is a spanning tree in which all vertices have odd degrees. In this paper we establish a unified technique to enumerate odd…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Shaohan Xu , Kexiang Xu

We introduce and study so-called self-indexed graphs. These are (oriented) finite graphs endowed with a map from the set of edges to the set of vertices. Such graphs naturally arise from classical knot and link diagrams. In fact, the graphs…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Matias Graña , Vladimir Turaev

A cograph is a simple graph which contains no path on 4 vertices as an induced subgraph. We consider the eigenvalues of adjacency matrices of cographs and prove that a graph $G$ is a cograph if and only if no induced subgraph of $G$ has an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-01 Ebrahim Ghorbani

Let $G$ be a finite group. We show that if $|G| = pqrs$, where $p$, $q$, $r$, and $s$ are distinct odd primes, then every connected Cayley graph on $G$ has a hamiltonian cycle.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-02 Dave Witte Morris