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Related papers: Robust r-process Nucleosynthesis Beyond Lanthanide…

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Probing the origin of r-process elements in the universe represents a multi-disciplinary challenge. We review the observational evidence that probe the properties of r-process sites, and address them using galactic chemical evolution…

Hypernovae powered by magnetic jets launched from the surface of rapidly rotating millisecond magnetars are one of the leading models to explain broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL), and have been implicated as an important source of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-23 J. J. Grimmett , Bernhard Müller , Alexander Heger , Projjwal Banerjee , Martin Obergaulinger

The origin of heavy elements synthesized through the rapid neutron capture process ($r$-process) has been an enduring mystery for over half a century. Cehula et al. (2024) recently showed that magnetar giant flares, among the brightest…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-01 Anirudh Patel , Brian D. Metzger , Jakub Cehula , Eric Burns , Jared A. Goldberg , Todd A. Thompson

The identification of the astrophysical site and the specific conditions in which r-process nucleosynthesis takes place remain unsolved mysteries of astrophysics. The present paper emphasizes some important future challenges faced by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Goriely , P. Demetriou , H. -Th. Janka , J. M. Pearson , M. Samyn

We have made detailed calculations of the composition of magnetically driven jets ejected from collapsars, or rapidly rotating massive stars, based on long-term magnetohydrodynamic simulations of their core collapse with various…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Shin-ichiro Fujimoto , Nobuya Nishimura , Masa-aki Hashimoto

We study the evolution of rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) isotopes in the Galaxy. We analyze relative contributions from core collapse supernovae (CCSNe), neutron star mergers (NSMs) and collapsars under a range of astrophysical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-02-12 Yuta Yamazaki , Toshitaka Kajino , Grant J. Mathews , Xiaodong Tang , Jianrong Shi , Michael A. Famiano

When binary systems of neutron stars merge, a very small fraction of their rest mass is ejected, either dynamically or secularly. This material is neutron-rich and its nucleosynthesis could provide the astrophysical site for the production…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-13 Luke Bovard , Dirk Martin , Federico Guercilena , Almudena Arcones , Luciano Rezzolla , Oleg Korobkin

The rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) is a major process to synthesize elements heavier than iron, but the astrophysical site(s) of r-process is not identified yet. Neutron star mergers (NSMs) are suggested to be a major r-process…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-11-20 Yutaka Hirai , Yuhri Ishimaru , Takayuki R. Saitoh , Michiko S. Fujii , Jun Hidaka , Toshitaka Kajino

The $\gamma$-process in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) can produce a number of neutron-deficient stable isotopes heavier than iron (p-nuclei). However, current model predictions do to not fully reproduce the solar abundances. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-05 Lorenzo Roberti , Marco Pignatari , Chris L. Fryer , Maria Lugaro

We reanalyze $r$-process nucleosynthesis in the neutron-rich ejecta from a prompt supernova explosion of a low-mass (11 M$_\odot$) progenitor. A pompt explosion is not yet ruled out as a possibility for low-mass supernova progenitors.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 K. Sumiyoshi , M. Terasawa , G. J. Mathews , T. Kajino , S. Yamada , H. Suzuki

Growing interests in neutron star (NS) mergers as the origin of r-process elements have sprouted since the discovery of evidence for the ejection of these elements from a short-duration gamma-ray burst. The hypothesis of a NS merger origin…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Takuji Tsujimoto , Toshikazu Shigeyama

We present a comprehensive nucleosynthesis study of the neutrino-driven wind in the aftermath of a binary neutron star merger. Our focus is the initial remnant phase when a massive central neutron star is present. Using tracers from a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-23 Dirk Martin , Albino Perego , Almudena Arcones , Friedrich-Karl Thielemann , Oleg Korobkin , Stephan Rosswog

Most heavy elements beyond the iron peak are synthesized via neutron capture processes. The nature of the astrophysical sites of neutron capture processes is still very unclear. In this work we explore the observational constraints of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-25 Jianhui Lian , Nicholas Storm , Guillaume Guiglion , Aldo Serenelli , Benoit Cote , Amanda I. Karakas , Nick Boardman , Maria Bergemann

About half of carbon and s-process enhanced metal-poor stars (CEMP-s) show a high r-process enrichment (CEMP-s/r), incompatible with a pure s-process contribution. CEMP-s stars are of low mass (M < 0.9 Msun) and belong to binary systems.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 Sara Bisterzo , Roberto Gallino

Context: It is well known that the so-called s-process is responsible for the production of neutron-rich trans-iron elements, that form the bulk of the "heavy nuclides" (i.e. nuclides more massive than the iron-group nuclei) in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-03-21 M. L. Pumo

We conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) explosion driven by jets in the framework of the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM), and obtain a pair of opposite circum-jet rings similar to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-01 Muhammad Akashi , Noam Soker

The astrophysical production site of the heaviest elements in the universe remains a mystery. Incorporating heavy element signatures of metal-poor, $r$-process enhanced stars into theoretical studies of $r$-process production can offer…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 Erika M. Holmbeck , Anna Frebel , G. C. McLaughlin , Matthew R. Mumpower , Trevor M. Sprouse , Rebecca Surman

Abundance observations indicate the presence of rapid-neutron capture (i.e., r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations provide insight into the nature of the earliest generations of stars in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 J. J. Cowan , C. Sneden , J. E. Lawler , E. A. Den Hartog

Nuclear masses play a fundamental role in understanding how the heaviest elements in the Universe are created in the $r$-process. We predict $r$-process nucleosynthesis yields using neutron capture and photodissociation rates that are based…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-03-30 Dirk Martin , Almudena Arcones , Witold Nazarewicz , Erik Olsen

It has been shown that proton ingestion episodes can happen in the formation of hot-subdwarf stars, and that neutron-capture processes are possible in those cases. Moreover, some helium-rich hot subdwarfs display extraordinarily high…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-16 T. Battich , M. M. Miller Bertolami , A. Weiss , M. Dorsch , A. M. Serenelli , S. Justham