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We give a sufficient condition for the essential self-adjointness of a perturbation of the square of the magnetic Laplacian on an infinite weighted graph. The main result is applicable to graphs whose degree function is not necessarily…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-01 Ognjen Milatovic

In this paper, we obtain some comparisons of the Dirichlet, Neumann and Laplacian eigenvalues on graphs. We also discuss their rigidities and some of their applications including some Lichnerowicz-type, Fiedler-type and Friedman-type…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Yongjie Shi , Chengjie Yu

We study the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues over a collection of matrices associated with a graph. Lower bounds are derived based on the existence or non-existence of certain cycle(s) in a graph. A key result proves that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Shaun Fallat , Himanshu Gupta , Allen Herman , Johnna Parenteau

In 2001, Davies, Gladwell, Leydold, and Stadler proved discrete nodal domain theorems for eigenfunctions of generalized Laplacians, i.e., symmetric matrices with non-positive off-diagonal entries. In this paper, we establish nodal domain…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-21 Chuanyuan Ge , Shiping Liu

We prove two mixed versions of the Discrete Nodal Theorem of Davies et. al. [3] for bounded degree graphs, and for three-connected graphs of fixed genus $g$. Using this we can show that for a three-connected graph satisfying a certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-12-02 Yong Lin , Gabor Lippner , Dan Mangoubi , Shing-Tung Yau

In this paper we give new bounds for a several vertex-based and edge-based topological indices of graphs: Albertson irregularity index, degree variance index, Mostar and the first Zagreb index. Moreover, we give a new upper bound for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Arber Avdullahu , Slobodan Filipovski

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. For $\alpha \in [0,1]$, the $A_{\alpha}$-matrix of $G$ is defined as $A_{\alpha}(G) = \alpha D(G) + (1- \alpha) A(G)$, where $A(G)$ is the adjacency matrix and $D(G)$ is the degree diagonal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Mainak Basunia , Pratima Panigrahi

Let $G$ be a simple graph. The signless Laplacian spread of $G$ is defined as the maximum distance of pairs of its signless Laplacian eigenvalues. This paper establishes some new bounds, both lower and upper, for the signless Laplacian…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-31 Enide Andrade , Geir Dahl , Laura Leal , María Robbiano

Let $\grad$, $\curl$, and $\dv$ be the graph-theoretic analogues of the gradient, curl, and divergence operators from multivariate calculus. The graph Laplacian $-\dv \grad$ gives rise to the celebrated Laplacian matrix, while the matrix…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Lu Lu , Yongtang Shi , Zoran Stanić , Jianfeng Wang , Yi Wang

We consider families of finite quantum graphs of increasing size and we are interested in how eigenfunctions are distributed over the graph. As a measure for the distribution of an eigenfunction on a graph we introduce the entropy, it has…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-05-23 Lionel Kameni , Roman Schubert

For any graph, we define a rank-1 operator on a bipartite tensor product space, with components associated to the set of vertices and edges respectively. We show that the partial traces of the operator are the Laplacian and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-01 Niel de Beaudrap , Vittorio Giovannetti , Simone Severini , Richard Wilson

We consider a hierarchy of graph invariants that naturally extends the spectral invariants defined by F\"urer (Lin. Alg. Appl. 2010) based on the angles formed by the set of standard basis vectors and their projections onto eigenspaces of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-06 V. Arvind , Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Oleg Verbitsky

We study the $p$-\emph{torsion function} and the corresponding $p$-\emph{torsional rigidity} associated with $p$-Laplacians and, more generally, $p$-Schr\"odinger operators, for $1<p<\infty$, on possibly infinite combinatorial graphs. We…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Patrizio Bifulco , Delio Mugnolo

Based on matrix perturbation theory, closed-form analytic expansions are studied for a Laplacian eigenvalue of an undirected, possibly weighted graph, which is close to a unique degree in that graph. An approximation is presented to provide…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Piet Van Mieghem , Yingyue Ke

We present a systematic collection of spectral surgery principles for the Laplacian on a metric graph with any of the usual vertex conditions (natural, Dirichlet or $\delta$-type), which show how various types of changes of a local or…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Gregory Berkolaiko , James B. Kennedy , Pavel Kurasov , Delio Mugnolo

In this paper a tight lower bound for algebraic connectivity of graphs (second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of the graph) based on connection-graph-stability method is introduced. The connection-graph-stability score for each…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-16 Ali Ajdari Rad , Mahdi Jalili , Martin Hasler

The eigenvectors for graph $1$-Laplacian possess some sort of localization property: On one hand, any nodal domain of an eigenvector is again an eigenvector with the same eigenvalue; on the other hand, one can pack up an eigenvector for a…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-04 K. C. Chang , Sihong Shao , Dong Zhang

We offer a new method for proving that the maximal eigenvalue of the normalized graph Laplacian of a graph with $n$ vertices is at least $\frac{n+1}{n-1}$ provided the graph is not complete and that equality is attained if and only if the…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-07 Jürgen Jost , Raffaella Mulas , Florentin Münch

We obtain new bounds for the Laplacian spectral radius of a signed graph. Most of these new bounds have a dependence on edge sign, unlike previously known bounds, which only depend on the underlying structure of the graph. We then use some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-03-25 Nathan Reff

We consider the problem of finding universal bounds of "isoperimetric" or "isodiametric" type on the spectral gap of the Laplacian on a metric graph with natural boundary conditions at the vertices, in terms of various analytical and…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-24 James B. Kennedy , Pavel Kurasov , Gabriela Malenova , Delio Mugnolo