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Efficient long-context LLM deployment is stalled by a dichotomy between amortized compression, which struggles with out-of-distribution generalization, and Test-Time Training, which incurs prohibitive synthetic data costs and requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zeju Li , Yizhou Zhou , Qiang Xu

Long context compression is a critical research problem due to its significance in reducing the high computational and memory costs associated with LLMs. In this paper, we propose Activation Beacon, a plug-in module for transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Peitian Zhang , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Ninglu Shao , Qiwei Ye , Zhicheng Dou

The transformer's context window is vital for tasks such as few-shot learning and conditional generation as it preserves previous tokens for active memory. However, as the context lengths increase, the computational costs grow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jeffrey Willette , Heejun Lee , Youngwan Lee , Myeongjae Jeon , Sung Ju Hwang

Large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value (KV) caches for efficient autoregressive decoding; however, cache size grows linearly with context length and model depth, becoming a major bottleneck in long-context inference. Prior KV cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Dmitry Akulov , Mohamed Sana , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem , Nicola Piovesan , Fadhel Ayed

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) often suffers from long and noisy retrieved contexts. Prior context compression methods rely on predefined importance metrics or supervised compression models, rather than on the model's own…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yong Zhang , Heng Li , Yanwen Huang , Ning Cheng , Yang Guo , Yun Zhu , Yanmeng Wang , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

This paper presents a context key/value compression method for Transformer language models in online scenarios, where the context continually expands. As the context lengthens, the attention process demands increasing memory and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jang-Hyun Kim , Junyoung Yeom , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in processing long contexts due to the linear growth of the key-value (KV) cache and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Existing approaches address these bottlenecks separately:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Qiuwu Chen , Ying Sun , Shuhai Zhang , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) often experience performance degradation during long-running interactions due to increasing context length, memory saturation, and computational overhead. This paper presents an adaptive context compression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational challenges when processing long contexts due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. While soft context compression methods, which map input text to smaller latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Gabriele Berton , Jayakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Son Tran , Mubarak Shah

This work investigates context compression for Large Language Models (LLMs) using learned compression tokens to reduce the memory and computational demands of processing long sequences. We demonstrate that pre-trained LLMs can be fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Dmitrii Tarasov , Elizaveta Goncharova , Kuznetsov Andrey

As large language models increasingly gain popularity in real-world applications, processing extremely long contexts, often exceeding the model's pre-trained context limits, has emerged as a critical challenge. While existing approaches to…

With the rising popularity of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), reducing their high inference costs has become a significant research focus. One effective approach is to compress the long input contexts. Existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Xiangfeng Wang , Zaiyi Chen , Zheyong Xie , Tong Xu , Yongyi He , Enhong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in natural language processing and generation, yet their ability to handle long-context input remains constrained by the quadratic complexity of attention computation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Manlai Liang , Wanyi Huang , Mandi Liu , Huaijun Li , Jinlong Li

Most approaches to long-context processing increase the complexity of the transformer's internal architecture by integrating mechanisms such as recurrence or auxiliary memory modules. In this work, we introduce an alternative approach that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Billy Dickson , Zoran Tiganj

In this study, we introduce adaptive KV cache compression, a plug-and-play method that reduces the memory footprint of generative inference for Large Language Models (LLMs). Different from the conventional KV cache that retains key and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Suyu Ge , Yunan Zhang , Liyuan Liu , Minjia Zhang , Jiawei Han , Jianfeng Gao

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made remarkable strides, largely driven by their ability to process increasingly long and complex contexts, such as high-resolution images, extended video sequences, and lengthy audio input.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kele Shao , Keda Tao , Kejia Zhang , Sicheng Feng , Mu Cai , Yuzhang Shang , Haoxuan You , Can Qin , Yang Sui , Huan Wang

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly trained to support very large context windows. We present Compactor, a training-free, query-agnostic KV compression strategy that uses approximate leverage scores to determine token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Vivek Chari , Benjamin Van Durme

Effective token compression remains a critical challenge for scaling models to handle increasingly complex and diverse datasets. A novel mechanism based on contextual reinforcement is introduced, dynamically adjusting token importance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Naderdel Piero , Zacharias Cromwell , Nathaniel Wainwright , Matthias Nethercott

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, to mitigate the issue of hallucinations, LLMs often incorporate retrieval-augmented pipeline to provide them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Haowen Hou , Fei Ma , Binwen Bai , Xinxin Zhu , Fei Yu
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