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The emergence of accurate open large language models (LLMs) has sparked a push for advanced quantization techniques to enable efficient deployment on end-user devices. In this paper, we revisit the challenge of extreme LLM compression --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zhixiong Zhao , Fangxin Liu , Junjie Wang , Chenyang Guan , Zongwu Wang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant deployment challenges due to their substantial memory requirements and the computational demands of auto-regressive text generation process. This paper addresses these challenges by focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yuxuan Yue , Zhihang Yuan , Haojie Duanmu , Sifan Zhou , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

Increasing the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) usually improves performance in downstream tasks but raises compute and memory costs, making deployment difficult in resource-limited settings. Quantization techniques,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Renren Jin , Jiangcun Du , Wuwei Huang , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Deyi Xiong

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices like the Raspberry Pi presents challenges in computational efficiency, power consumption, and response latency. This paper explores quantization-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mahsa Ardakani , Jinendra Malekar , Ramtin Zand

Large language models (LLMs) face the challenges in fine-tuning and deployment due to their high memory demands and computational costs. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods aim to reduce the memory usage of the optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jeonghoon Kim , Jung Hyun Lee , Sungdong Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Existing post-training quantization methods for large language models (LLMs) offer remarkable success. However, the increasingly marginal performance gains suggest that existing quantization strategies are insufficient to support the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Deng Xiang , Ming Li , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

Large language models (LLMs) with hundreds of billions of parameters require powerful server-grade GPUs for inference, limiting their practical deployment. To address this challenge, we introduce the outlier-aware weight quantization (OWQ)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Changhun Lee , Jungyu Jin , Taesu Kim , Hyungjun Kim , Eunhyeok Park

In this paper, we propose a post-training quantization framework of large vision-language models (LVLMs) for efficient multi-modal inference. Conventional quantization methods sequentially search the layer-wise rounding functions by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Changyuan Wang , Ziwei Wang , Xiuwei Xu , Yansong Tang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Janghwan Lee , Minsoo Kim , Seungcheol Baek , Seok Joong Hwang , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

Quantization is an effective approach to reduce the memory footprint and inference cost of large language models (LLMs), yet maintaining performance in the ultra-low-bit regime remains challenging. Existing post-training methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Phong Nam Huu Nguyen , Khoi M. Le , Cong-Duy T Nguyen , Anh Tuan Luu , Thong Thanh Nguyen , Tho Quan

As large language models continue to scale, low-bit weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) offers a practical solution to their memory-efficient deployment. Although block-wise PTQ is capable of matching the full-precision (FP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jung Hyun Lee , June Yong Yang , Jungwook Choi , Eunho Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively researched and used in both academia and industry since the rise in popularity of the Transformer model, which demonstrates excellent performance in AI. However, the computational demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiedong Lang , Zhehao Guo , Shuyu Huang

Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a practical route to deploy reasoning-capable LLMs under tight memory and latency budgets, yet it can markedly impair mathematical reasoning (drops up to 69.81% in our harder settings). We address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Songmiao Wang , Runming Yang , Congkai Xie , Aofan Liu , Ming Li , Jiannong Cao , Yuan Xie , Ngai Wong , Hongxia Yang

Traditional post-training quantization (PTQ) is considered an effective approach to reduce model size and accelerate inference of large-scale language models (LLMs). However, existing low-rank PTQ methods require costly fine-tuning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Hongyaoxing Gul , Lijuan Hu , Shuzi Niu , Fangfang Liu

Although recent quantized Large Language Models (LLMs), such as BitNet, have paved the way for significant reduction in memory usage during deployment with binary or ternary weights, training these models still demands substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kaiyan Zhao , Tsuguchika Tabaru , Kenichi Kobayashi , Takumi Honda , Masafumi Yamazaki , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable success across various tasks. However, efficiently serving LLMs has been a challenge due to the large memory bottleneck, specifically in small batch inference settings (e.g.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jung Hwan Heo , Jeonghoon Kim , Beomseok Kwon , Byeongwook Kim , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly pushed forward advancements in natural language processing, yet their high memory and computational demands hinder practical deployment. Binarization, as an effective compression technique, can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhiteng Li , Xianglong Yan , Tianao Zhang , Haotong Qin , Dong Xie , Jiang Tian , zhongchao shi , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

In this paper, we address post-training quantization (PTQ) for large language models (LLMs) from an overlooked perspective: given a pre-trained high-precision LLM, the predominant sequential quantization framework treats different layers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Shigeng Wang , Chao Li , Yangyuxuan Kang , Jiawei Fan , Zhonghong Ou , Anbang Yao

Quantization is an effective strategy to reduce the storage and computation footprint of large language models (LLMs). Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a leading approach for compressing LLMs. Popular weight quantization procedures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ryan Lucas , Mehdi Makni , Xiang Meng , Adam Deng , Rahul Mazumder

The advent of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models represents a significant leap for embodied intelligence, yet their immense computational demands critically hinder deployment on resource-constrained robotic platforms. Intuitively, low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yuhao Xu , Yantai Yang , Zhenyang Fan , Yufan Liu , Yuming Li , Bing Li , Zhipeng Zhang
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