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For healthcare datasets, it is often not possible to combine data samples from multiple sites due to ethical, privacy or logistical concerns. Federated learning allows for the utilisation of powerful machine learning algorithms without…

Learning from imbalanced data is among the most challenging areas in contemporary machine learning. This becomes even more difficult when considered the context of big data that calls for dedicated architectures capable of high-performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 William C. Sleeman , Bartosz Krawczyk

Deep convolutional neural networks often perform poorly when faced with datasets that suffer from quantity imbalances and classification difficulties. Despite advances in the field, existing two-stage approaches still exhibit dataset bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Liang Xu , Yi Cheng , Fan Zhang , Bingxuan Wu , Pengfei Shao , Peng Liu , Shuwei Shen , Peng Yao , Ronald X. Xu

Data in real-world application often exhibit skewed class distribution which poses an intense challenge for machine learning. Conventional classification algorithms are not effective in the case of imbalanced data distribution, and may fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Enlu Lin , Qiong Chen , Xiaoming Qi

Class distribution skews in imbalanced datasets may lead to models with prediction bias towards majority classes, making fair assessment of classifiers a challenging task. Metrics such as Balanced Accuracy are commonly used to evaluate a…

The aim of these notes is to demonstrate the potential for ideas in machine learning to impact on the fields of inverse problems and data assimilation. The perspective is one that is primarily aimed at researchers from inverse problems…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-07 Eviatar Bach , Ricardo Baptista , Daniel Sanz-Alonso , Andrew Stuart

Data collection and labeling are critical bottlenecks in the deployment of machine learning applications. With the increasing complexity and diversity of applications, the need for efficient and scalable data collection and labeling…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Qianyu Huang , Tongfang Zhao

A natural way of handling imbalanced data is to attempt to equalise the class frequencies and train the classifier of choice on balanced data. For two-class imbalanced problems, the classification success is typically measured by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Ludmila I. Kuncheva , Álvar Arnaiz-González , José-Francisco Díez-Pastor , Iain A. D. Gunn

Data-driven learning algorithms are employed in many online applications, in which data become available over time, like network monitoring, stock price prediction, job applications, etc. The underlying data distribution might evolve over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Vasileios Iosifidis , Wenbin Zhang , Eirini Ntoutsi

Increasingly large datasets of robot actions and sensory observations are being collected to train ever-larger neural networks. These datasets are collected based on tasks and while these tasks may be distinct in their descriptions, many…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Basavasagar Patil , Sydney Belt , Jayjun Lee , Nima Fazeli , Bernadette Bucher

Imbalanced data sets containing much more background than signal instances are very common in particle physics, and will also be characteristic for the upcoming analyses of LHC data. Following up the work presented at ACAT 2008, we use the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2011-08-11 Markward Britsch , Nikolai Gagunashvili , Michael Schmelling

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to build general-purpose vision systems by training a single network to perform multiple tasks jointly. While promising, its potential is often hindered by "unbalanced optimization", where task interference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yihang Guo , Tianyuan Yu , Liang Bai , Yanming Guo , Yirun Ruan , William Li , Weishi Zheng

Class imbalance poses a significant challenge to supervised classification, particularly in critical domains like medical diagnostics and anomaly detection where minority class instances are rare. While numerous studies have explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ali Nawaz , Amir Ahmad , Shehroz S. Khan

Machine learning models may inadvertently memorize sensitive, unauthorized, or malicious data, posing risks of privacy breaches, security vulnerabilities, and performance degradation. To address these issues, machine unlearning has emerged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Jie Xu , Zihan Wu , Cong Wang , Xiaohua Jia

Fueled by breakthrough technology developments, the biological, biomedical, and behavioral sciences are now collecting more data than ever before. There is a critical need for time- and cost-efficient strategies to analyze and interpret…

With growing credit card transaction volumes, the fraud percentages are also rising, including overhead costs for institutions to combat and compensate victims. The use of machine learning into the financial sector permits more effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Gayan K. Kulatilleke , Sugandika Samarakoon

The increased availability of medical data has significantly impacted healthcare by enabling the application of machine / deep learning approaches in various instances. However, medical datasets are usually small and scattered across…

Real-world data often exhibit imbalanced distributions, where certain target values have significantly fewer observations. Existing techniques for dealing with imbalanced data focus on targets with categorical indices, i.e., different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Yuzhe Yang , Kaiwen Zha , Ying-Cong Chen , Hao Wang , Dina Katabi

Imbalanced classification and spurious correlation are common challenges in data science and machine learning. Both issues are linked to data imbalance, with certain groups of data samples significantly underrepresented, which in turn would…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Ryumei Nakada , Yichen Xu , Lexin Li , Linjun Zhang

Continual learning from data streams is among the most important topics in contemporary machine learning. One of the biggest challenges in this domain lies in creating algorithms that can continuously adapt to arriving data. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Łukasz Korycki , Bartosz Krawczyk