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A rich set of frequentist model averaging methods has been developed, but their applications have largely been limited to point prediction, as measuring prediction uncertainty in general settings remains an open problem. In this paper we…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-21 Zhongjun Qu , Wendun Wang , Xiaomeng Zhang

Accurate evaluation of forecasting models is essential for ensuring reliable predictions. Current practices for evaluating and comparing forecasting models focus on summarising performance into a single score, using metrics such as SMAPE.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Vitor Cerqueira , Luis Roque , Carlos Soares

We introduce a universal diffusion-based downscaling framework that lifts deterministic low-resolution weather forecasts into probabilistic high-resolution predictions without any model-specific fine-tuning. A single conditional diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Roberto Molinaro , Niall Siegenheim , Henry Martin , Mark Frey , Niels Poulsen , Philipp Seitz , Marvin Vincent Gabler

Recent advances in deep learning have driven rapid progress in time series forecasting, yet many state-of-the-art models continue to struggle with robust performance in real-world applications, even when they achieve strong results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Qitai Tan , Yiyun Chen , Mo Li , Ruiwen Gu , Yilin Su , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Providing long-range forecasts is a fundamental challenge in time series modeling, which is only compounded by the challenge of having to form such forecasts when a time series has never previously been observed. The latter challenge is the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-28 Christopher Xie , Alex Tank , Alec Greaves-Tunnell , Emily Fox

Probabilistic forecasting of multivariate time series is essential for various downstream tasks. Most existing approaches rely on the sequences being uniformly spaced and aligned across all variables. However, real-world multivariate time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yijun Li , Cheuk Hang Leung , Qi Wu

Time series forecasting (TSF) has long been a crucial task in both industry and daily life. Most classical statistical models may have certain limitations when applied to practical scenarios in fields such as energy, healthcare, traffic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xiangjie Kong , Zhenghao Chen , Weiyao Liu , Kaili Ning , Lechao Zhang , Syauqie Muhammad Marier , Yichen Liu , Yuhao Chen , Feng Xia

Time series forecasting plays an increasingly important role in modern business decisions. In today's data-rich environment, people often aim to choose the optimal forecasting model for their data. However, identifying the optimal model…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-17 Xixi Li , Fotios Petropoulos , Yanfei Kang

In the era of increasingly complex AI models for time series forecasting, progress is often measured by marginal improvements on benchmark leaderboards. However, this approach suffers from a fundamental flaw: standard evaluation metrics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wanjin Feng , Yuan Yuan , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li

Probabilistic forecasts are essential for various downstream applications such as business development, traffic planning, and electrical grid balancing. Many of these probabilistic forecasts are performed on time series data that contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Benedikt Heidrich , Kaleb Phipps , Oliver Neumann , Marian Turowski , Ralf Mikut , Veit Hagenmeyer

Time-series forecasting has been an important research domain for so many years. Its applications include ECG predictions, sales forecasting, weather conditions, even COVID-19 spread predictions. These applications have motivated many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Shruti Jadon , Jan Kanty Milczek , Ajit Patankar

Time Series Forecasting is at the core of many practical applications such as sales forecasting for business, rainfall forecasting for agriculture and many others. Though this problem has been extensively studied for years, it is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Anirban Chatterjee , Subhadip Paul , Uddipto Dutta , Smaranya Dey

Probabilistic regression models the entire predictive distribution of a response variable, offering richer insights than classical point estimates and directly allowing for uncertainty quantification. While diffusion-based generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Carlo Kneissl , Christopher Bülte , Philipp Scholl , Gitta Kutyniok

Probabilistic time-series forecasting enables reliable decision making across many domains. Most forecasting problems have diverse sources of data containing multiple modalities and structures. Leveraging information as well as uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Harshavardhan Kamarthi , Lingkai Kong , Alexander Rodríguez , Chao Zhang , B. Aditya Prakash

In this paper, we introduce PredBench, a benchmark tailored for the holistic evaluation of spatio-temporal prediction networks. Despite significant progress in this field, there remains a lack of a standardized framework for a detailed and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 ZiDong Wang , Zeyu Lu , Di Huang , Tong He , Xihui Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

Time series imputation is critical for many real-world applications and has been widely studied. However, existing models often require specialized designs tailored to specific missing patterns, variables, or domains which limits their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Jinguo Cheng , Chunwei Yang , Wanlin Cai , Yuxuan Liang , Qingsong Wen , Yuankai Wu

The proposed method in this paper is designed to address the problem of time series forecasting. Although some exquisitely designed models achieve excellent prediction performances, how to extract more useful information and make accurate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Yuanpeng He

Forecast combinations have flourished remarkably in the forecasting community and, in recent years, have become part of the mainstream of forecasting research and activities. Combining multiple forecasts produced from single (target) series…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-26 Xiaoqian Wang , Rob J Hyndman , Feng Li , Yanfei Kang

When providing probabilistic forecasts for uncertain future events, it is common to strive for calibrated forecasts, that is, the predictive distribution should be compatible with the observed outcomes. Several notions of calibration are…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-21 Christof Strähl , Johanna F. Ziegel

Reliable estimation of predictive uncertainty is crucial for machine learning applications, particularly in high-stakes scenarios where hedging against risks is essential. Despite its significance, there is no universal agreement on how to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kajetan Schweighofer , Lukas Aichberger , Mykyta Ielanskyi , Sepp Hochreiter