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In recent years, large language models have achieved significant success in generative tasks related to speech, audio, music, and other signal domains. A crucial element of these models is the discrete acoustic codecs, which serve as an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Shengpeng Ji , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Ziyue Jiang , Dingdong Wang , Hanting Wang , Hai Huang , Zhou Zhao

Generally speaking, the main objective when training a neural speech synthesis system is to synthesize natural and expressive speech from the output layer of the neural network without much attention given to the hidden layers. However, by…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Hieu-Thi Luong , Junichi Yamagishi

We introduce a text-to-speech(TTS) framework based on a neural transducer. We use discretized semantic tokens acquired from wav2vec2.0 embeddings, which makes it easy to adopt a neural transducer for the TTS framework enjoying its monotonic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-09 Minchan Kim , Myeonghun Jeong , Byoung Jin Choi , Dongjune Lee , Nam Soo Kim

We propose a novel two-stage text-to-speech (TTS) framework with two types of discrete tokens, i.e., semantic and acoustic tokens, for high-fidelity speech synthesis. It features two core components: the Interpreting module, which processes…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-26 Joun Yeop Lee , Myeonghun Jeong , Minchan Kim , Ji-Hyun Lee , Hoon-Young Cho , Nam Soo Kim

This paper proposes a voice conversion (VC) method using sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq or S2S) learning, which flexibly converts not only the voice characteristics but also the pitch contour and duration of input speech. The proposed…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Hirokazu Kameoka , Kou Tanaka , Damian Kwasny , Takuhiro Kaneko , Nobukatsu Hojo

Neural audio codecs form the foundational building blocks for language model (LM)-based speech generation. Typically, there is a trade-off between frame rate and audio quality. This study introduces a low-frame-rate, semantically enhanced…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiaqi Li , Xiaolong Lin , Zhekai Li , Shixi Huang , Yuancheng Wang , Chaoren Wang , Zhenpeng Zhan , Zhizheng Wu

Voice conversion (VC) is a task to transform a person's voice to different style while conserving linguistic contents. Previous state-of-the-art on VC is based on sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model, which could mislead linguistic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-28 Tae-Ho Kim , Sungjae Cho , Shinkook Choi , Sejik Park , Soo-Young Lee

We describe a neural network-based system for text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis that is able to generate speech audio in the voice of many different speakers, including those unseen during training. Our system consists of three independently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-04 Ye Jia , Yu Zhang , Ron J. Weiss , Quan Wang , Jonathan Shen , Fei Ren , Zhifeng Chen , Patrick Nguyen , Ruoming Pang , Ignacio Lopez Moreno , Yonghui Wu

Spoken language models (SLMs) typically discretize speech into high-frame-rate tokens extracted from SSL speech models. As the most successful LMs are based on the Transformer architecture, processing these long token streams with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Nicholas Lee , Cheol Jun Cho , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Discrete audio tokens derived from self-supervised learning models have gained widespread usage in speech generation. However, current practice of directly utilizing audio tokens poses challenges for sequence modeling due to the length of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Feiyu Shen , Yiwei Guo , Chenpeng Du , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Recent advancements in zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) modeling have led to significant strides in generating high-fidelity and diverse speech. However, dialogue generation, along with achieving human-like naturalness in speech, continues to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-17 Leying Zhang , Yao Qian , Long Zhou , Shujie Liu , Dongmei Wang , Xiaofei Wang , Midia Yousefi , Yanmin Qian , Jinyu Li , Lei He , Sheng Zhao , Michael Zeng

Large-scale generative models such as GPT and DALL-E have revolutionized the research community. These models not only generate high fidelity outputs, but are also generalists which can solve tasks not explicitly taught. In contrast, speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-20 Matthew Le , Apoorv Vyas , Bowen Shi , Brian Karrer , Leda Sari , Rashel Moritz , Mary Williamson , Vimal Manohar , Yossi Adi , Jay Mahadeokar , Wei-Ning Hsu

This paper describes a method based on a sequence-to-sequence learning (Seq2Seq) with attention and context preservation mechanism for voice conversion (VC) tasks. Seq2Seq has been outstanding at numerous tasks involving sequence modeling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-13 Kou Tanaka , Hirokazu Kameoka , Takuhiro Kaneko , Nobukatsu Hojo

High-fidelity neural audio codecs in Text-to-speech (TTS) aim to compress speech signals into discrete representations for faithful reconstruction. However, prior approaches faced challenges in effectively disentangling acoustic and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ruonan Zhang , Xiaoyang Hao , Yichen Han , Junjie Cao , Yue Liu , Kai Zhang

Existing deep learning based speech enhancement mainly employ a data-driven approach, which leverage large amounts of data with a variety of noise types to achieve noise removal from noisy signal. However, the high dependence on the data…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Huaying Xue , Xiulian Peng , Yan Lu

Although discrete speech tokens have exhibited strong potential for language model-based speech generation, their high bitrates and redundant timbre information restrict the development of such models. In this work, we propose LSCodec, a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Chenpeng Du , Hankun Wang , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

This study compares the performances of different algorithms for coding speech at low bit rates. In addition to widely deployed traditional vocoders, a selection of recently developed generative-model-based coders at different bit rates are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Wissam A. Jassim , Jan Skoglund , Michael Chinen , Andrew Hines

Modern voice cloning, also known as zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS), can synthesize speech that closely matches a target speaker from only seconds of reference audio, enabling applications such as personalized speech interfaces and dubbing.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruinan Jin , Xinting Liao , Hanlin Yu , Deval Pandya , Xiaoxiao Li

Language models (LMs) have shown superior performances in various speech generation tasks recently, demonstrating their powerful ability for semantic context modeling. Given the intrinsic similarity between speech generation and speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Ziqian Wang , Xinfa Zhu , Zihan Zhang , YuanJun Lv , Ning Jiang , Guoqing Zhao , Lei Xie

Token-based text-to-speech (TTS) models have emerged as a promising avenue for generating natural and realistic speech, yet they grapple with low pronunciation accuracy, speaking style and timbre inconsistency, and a substantial need for…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Chunhui Wang , Chang Zeng , Bowen Zhang , Ziyang Ma , Yefan Zhu , Zifeng Cai , Jian Zhao , Zhonglin Jiang , Yong Chen