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Related papers: CacheGen: KV Cache Compression and Streaming for F…

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While large language models (LLMs) excel at handling long-context sequences, they require substantial prefill computation and key-value (KV) cache, which can heavily burden computational efficiency and memory usage in both prefill and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dongwon Jo , Jiwon Song , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-Joon Kim

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive potential in various practical applications. However, long context inference poses a significant challenge due to the enormous memory requirements of the key-value (KV)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Chengming Zhang , Xubin He , Sian Jin

Large language models (LLMs) often incorporate multiple text chunks in their inputs to provide the necessary contexts. To speed up the prefill of the long LLM inputs, one can pre-compute the KV cache of a text and re-use the KV cache when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jiayi Yao , Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Siddhant Ray , Yihua Cheng , Qizheng Zhang , Kuntai Du , Shan Lu , Junchen Jiang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance across various natural language processing tasks. Serving LLM inference for generating long contents, however, poses a challenge due to the enormous memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Wonbeom Lee , Jungi Lee , Junghwan Seo , Jaewoong Sim

In this study, we introduce adaptive KV cache compression, a plug-and-play method that reduces the memory footprint of generative inference for Large Language Models (LLMs). Different from the conventional KV cache that retains key and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Suyu Ge , Yunan Zhang , Liyuan Liu , Minjia Zhang , Jiawei Han , Jianfeng Gao

Training and serving long-context large language models (LLMs) incurs substantial overhead. To address this, two critical steps are often required: a pretrained LLM typically undergoes a separate stage for context length extension by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Suyu Ge , Xihui Lin , Yunan Zhang , Jiawei Han , Hao Peng

How to efficiently serve Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a pressing issue because of their huge computational cost in their autoregressive generation process. To mitigate computational costs, LLMs often employ the KV Cache technique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zheng Wang , Boxiao Jin , Zhongzhi Yu , Minjia Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value (KV) caches for efficient autoregressive decoding; however, cache size grows linearly with context length and model depth, becoming a major bottleneck in long-context inference. Prior KV cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Dmitry Akulov , Mohamed Sana , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem , Nicola Piovesan , Fadhel Ayed

Context lengths of Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in recent years, with 128k-token context becoming a standard and million-token context becoming a reality. Efficiently supporting long-context inference remains challenging as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Isaac Rehg

Large Language Models (LLMs), epitomized by ChatGPT's release in late 2022, have revolutionized various industries with their advanced language comprehension. However, their efficiency is challenged by the Transformer architecture's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Luohe Shi , Hongyi Zhang , Yao Yao , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) serving systems commonly employ KV-cache compression to reduce memory footprint. However, existing compression methods introduce significant processing overhead and queuing delays, particularly in…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jianian Zhu , Hang Wu , Haojie Wang , Yinghui Li , Biao Hou , Ruixuan Li , Jidong Zhai

The transformer's context window is vital for tasks such as few-shot learning and conditional generation as it preserves previous tokens for active memory. However, as the context lengths increase, the computational costs grow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jeffrey Willette , Heejun Lee , Youngwan Lee , Myeongjae Jeon , Sung Ju Hwang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized a wide range of domains such as natural language processing, computer vision, and multi-modal tasks due to their ability to comprehend context and perform logical reasoning. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Haoyang Li , Yiming Li , Anxin Tian , Tianhao Tang , Zhanchao Xu , Xuejia Chen , Nicole Hu , Wei Dong , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely deployed in a variety of applications, and the context length is rapidly increasing to handle tasks such as long-document QA and complex logical reasoning. However, long context poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Guangda Liu , Chengwei Li , Jieru Zhao , Chenqi Zhang , Minyi Guo

Despite the significant success of large language models (LLMs), their extensive memory requirements pose challenges for deploying them in long-context token generation. The substantial memory footprint of LLM decoders arises from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Amir Zandieh , Insu Han , Vahab Mirrokni , Amin Karbasi

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across a wide range of practical applications. However, long-context inference remains a significant challenge due to the substantial memory requirements…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Xubin He , Sheng Di , Sian Jin

With the growing demand for long-context LLMs across a wide range of applications, the key-value (KV) cache has become a critical bottleneck for both latency and memory usage. Recently, KV-cache offloading has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Andrey Bocharnikov , Ivan Ermakov , Denis Kuznedelev , Vyacheslav Zhdanovskiy , Yegor Yershov

Large Language models (LLMs) have become a research hotspot. To accelerate the inference of LLMs, storing computed caches in memory has become the standard technique. However, as the inference length increases, growing KV caches might lead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Meizhi Zhong , Xikai Liu , Chen Zhang , Yikun Lei , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) cache context as key-value (KV) pairs during inference. As context length grows, KV cache sizes expand, leading to substantial memory overhead and increased attention latency. This paper…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jang-Hyun Kim , Jinuk Kim , Sangwoo Kwon , Jae W. Lee , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

Across large language model (LLM) applications, we observe an emerging trend for reusing KV caches to save the prefill delays of processing repeated input texts in different LLM inputs. This has led to a broad design space, including…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Yihua Cheng , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang
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