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To address the challenge of increasing network size, researchers have developed sparse models through network pruning. However, maintaining model accuracy while achieving significant speedups on general computing devices remains an open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Haitao Xu , Songwei Liu , Yuyang Xu , Shuai Wang , Jiashi Li , Chenqian Yan , Liangqiang Li , Lean Fu , Xin Pan , Fangmin Chen

Attention mechanisms play a crucial role in the neural revolution of Natural Language Processing (NLP). With the growth of attention-based models, several pruning techniques have been developed to identify and exploit sparseness, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Ileana Rugina , Rumen Dangovski , Li Jing , Preslav Nakov , Marin Soljačić

Speculative Decoding (SD) is a key technique for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference, but it typically requires training a draft model on a large dataset. We approach this problem from a data-centric perspective, finding that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jiaming Fan , Daming Cao , Xiangzhong Luo , Jiale Fu , Chonghan Liu , Xu Yang

The attention operator is arguably the key distinguishing factor of transformer architectures, which have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on a variety of tasks. However, transformer attention operators often impose a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ziyang Wu , Tianjiao Ding , Yifu Lu , Druv Pai , Jingyuan Zhang , Weida Wang , Yaodong Yu , Yi Ma , Benjamin D. Haeffele

Autoregressive Language Models instantiate a factorized likelihood over token sequences, yet their strictly sequential decoding process imposes an intrinsic lower bound on inference latency. This bottleneck has emerged as a central obstacle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Maxim Divilkovskiy , Vitaly Malygin , Sergey Zlobin , Stanislav Ilyushin , Sultan Isali , Vasily Kalugin , Nuriza Aitassova , Fei Yi , Weidi Zeng

Transformer has become ubiquitous in the deep learning field. One of the key ingredients that destined its success is the self-attention mechanism, which allows fully-connected contextual encoding over input tokens. However, despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Shuohang Wang , Luowei Zhou , Zhe Gan , Yen-Chun Chen , Yuwei Fang , Siqi Sun , Yu Cheng , Jingjing Liu

Attention-based models have revolutionized AI, but the quadratic cost of self-attention incurs severe computational and memory overhead. Sparse attention methods alleviate this by skipping low-relevance token pairs. However, current…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Huizheng Wang , Hongbin Wang , Zichuan Wang , Zhiheng Yue , Yang Wang , Chao Li , Yang Hu , Shouyi Yin

Self-attention in transformer models is an incremental associative memory that maps key vectors to value vectors. One way to speed up self-attention is to employ GPU-compatible vector search algorithms based on standard partitioning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Gergely Szilvasy , Maria Lomeli , Francisco Massa , Naila Murray , Hervé Jégou , Matthijs Douze

This paper presents a code generator for sparse tensor contraction computations. It leverages a mathematical representation of loop nest computations in the sparse polyhedral framework (SPF), which extends the polyhedral model to support…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Tuowen Zhao , Tobi Popoola , Mary Hall , Catherine Olschanowsky , Michelle Mills Strout

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

A recent variation of Transformer, Performer, scales Transformer to longer sequences with a linear attention mechanism. However, it is not compatible with relative position encoding, which has advantages over absolute position encoding. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Peng Chen

As long-context inference becomes central to large language models (LLMs), attention over growing key-value caches emerges as a dominant decoding bottleneck, motivating sparse attention for scalable inference. Fixed-budget top-k sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wentao Ni , Kangqi Zhang , Zhongming Yu , Oren Nelson , Mingu Lee , Hong Cai , Fatih Porikli , Jongryool Kim , Zhijian Liu , Jishen Zhao

Many natural language processing tasks benefit from long inputs, but processing long documents with Transformers is expensive -- not only due to quadratic attention complexity but also from applying feedforward and projection layers to…

With the rise of Transformer models in NLP and CV domain, Multi-Head Attention has been proven to be a game-changer. However, its expensive computation poses challenges to the model throughput and efficiency, especially for the long…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-12 Jiing-Ping Wang , Ming-Guang Lin , An-Yeu , Wu

Effectively processing long contexts is a critical challenge for language models. While standard Transformers are limited by quadratic complexity and poor length extrapolation, alternative architectures like sliding window attention and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jiaqi Leng , Xiang Hu , Junxiong Wang , Jianguo Li , Wei Wu , Yucheng Lu

Speculative decoding is a widely used technique for accelerating inference in large language models (LLMs), but its performance degrades as input length grows, with significant drops even at moderate lengths. Yet, this early degradation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jungyoub Cha , Hyunjong Kim , Sungzoon Cho

As Large Language Models (LLMs) can now process extremely long contexts, efficient inference over these extended inputs has become increasingly important, especially for emerging applications like LLM agents that highly depend on this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Penghui Yang , Cunxiao Du , Fengzhuo Zhang , Haonan Wang , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Bo An

Sparse attention mechanisms aim to reduce computational overhead with minimal accuracy loss by selectively processing salient tokens. Despite their effectiveness, most methods merely exploit a model's inherent sparsity and thus plateau at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Feng Chen , Yefei He , Lequan Lin , Chenhui Gou , Jing Liu , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

Sparse-Linear Attention (SLA) combines sparse and linear attention to accelerate diffusion models and has shown strong performance in video generation. However, (i) SLA relies on a heuristic split that assigns computations to the sparse or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jintao Zhang , Haoxu Wang , Kai Jiang , Kaiwen Zheng , Youhe Jiang , Ion Stoica , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Fine-tuning is an important step in adapting foundation models such as large language models to downstream tasks. To make this step more accessible to users with limited computational budgets, it is crucial to develop fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Cen-Jhih Li , Aditya Bhaskara
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