Related papers: Bonded Trajectories of the $3x+\gamma$ Problem

We study the superconformal index $Z(q)$ of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ gauge theories in Cardy-like limits $\beta = \log \tfrac{1}{q} \to 0^+$, extending techniques recently developed in the 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ context. For theories with vectorlike…

Addition chains are a classical construction for fast exponentiation and related computation problems. In this paper, we study a chain for a fixed integer $n$ by decomposing each generator into a \emph{determiner} and a \emph{regulator}…

In the paper, from the point of view of recurrent numbers of the Jacobsthal type, the Collatz problem with the general aq+-1 function of conjecture odd positive integers q from the set of natural numbers is investigated. Formulated…

The 3SUM problem is to decide, given a set of $n$ real numbers, whether any three sum to zero. It is widely conjectured that a trivial $O(n^2)$-time algorithm is optimal and over the years the consequences of this conjecture have been…

Graham, Knuth and Patashnik in their book Concrete Mathematics called for development of a general theory of the solutions of recurrences defined by $$\left|{ n\atop k}\right|=(\alpha n+\beta k+\gamma)\left|{n-1\atop k}\right|+(\alpha'…

Analytic evaluation of Gordon's integral $$\operatorname {J}_c^{j(\pm p)}(b,b';\lambda,w,z)=\int_0^\infty x^{c+j-1}e^{-\lambda x}{}_1F_1(b;c;wx){}_1F_1(b';c\pm p;zx)dx,$$ are given along with convergence conditions. It shows enormous number…

Let $\cal{P}$ be the family of all 2-connected plane triangulations with vertices of degree three or six. Gr\"{u}nbaum and Motzkin proved (in the dual terms) that every graph $P \in \cal{P}$ is factorable into factors $P_0$, $P_1$, $P_2$…

Let $V\subseteq\mathbb{C}^{2n}$ be an algebraic variety with no constant coordinates and with a dominant projection onto the first $n$ coordinates. We show that the intersection of $V$ with the graph of the $\Gamma$ function is Zariski…

In this series of studies on Cauchy's function $f(z)$ ($z=x+iy$) and its integral $J[f(z)]\equiv (2\pi i)^{-1}\oint_C f(t)dt/(t-z)$ taken along a Jordan contour $C$, the aim is to investigate their comprehensive properties over the entire…

Let $A$ and $B$ be finite subsets of $\mathbb{C}$ such that $|B|=C|A|$. We show the following variant of the sum product phenomenon: If $|AB|<\alpha|A|$ and $\alpha \ll \log |A|$, then $|kA+lB|\gg |A|^k|B|^l$. This is an application of a…

A mixed Dirichlet-Neumann problem is regularized with a family of singularly perturbed Neumann-Robin boundary problems, parametrized by $\varepsilon > 0$. Using an asymptotic development by Gamma-convergence, the asymptotic behavior of the…

It is well known that the Collatz Conjecture can be reinterpreted as the Collatz Graph with root vertex 1, asking whether all positive integers are within the tree generated. It is further known that any cycle in the Collatz Graph can be…

We consider the variety of $(p+1)$-tuples of matrices $A_j$ (resp. $M_j$) from given conjugacy classes $c_j\subset gl(n,{\bf C})$ (resp. $C_j\subset GL(n,{\bf C})$) such that $A_1+... +A_{p+1}=0$ (resp. $M_1... M_{p+1}=I$). This variety is…

Given an integer $k$, define $C_k$ as the set of integers $n > \max(k,0)$ such that $a^{n-k+1} \equiv a \pmod{n}$ holds for all integers $a$. We establish various multiplicative properties of the elements in $C_k$ and give a sufficient…

The trace algebra C_{nd} is generated by all traces of products of d generic n x n matrices. Minimal generating sets of C_{nd} and their defining relations are known for n < 3 and n = 3, d=2. This paper states a minimal generating set and…

We prove a strengthened form of a conjecture of Sun on a determinant attached to a binary quadratic form. Let $n>3$ and let $c,d\in\Z$. If $n$ is composite, then \[ \det\big[(i^2+cij+dj^2)^{n-2}\big]_{0\leq i,j\leq n-1}\equiv 0\pmod {n^2}…

Let $d \geq 2$ and let $N(y)$ be the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation in $R^d$ We consider the aggregation equation $$ \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \operatorname{div}(\rho v) =0, v = -\nabla N * \rho$$ with initial data…

We study the period of the linear map $T:\mathbb{Z}_m^n\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_m^n:(a_0,\dots,a_{n-1})\mapsto(a_0+a_1,\dots,a_{n-1}+a_0)$ as a function of $m$ and $n$, where $\mathbb{Z}_m$ stands for the ring of integers modulo $m$. Since…

For a graph (undirected, directed, or mixed), a cycle-factor is a collection of vertex-disjoint cycles covering the entire vertex set. Cycle-factors subject to parity constraints arise naturally in the study of structural graph theory and…

In the Collatz 3x+1 problem, there are 3 possibilities: Starting from any positive number, we either reach the trivial loop (1,4,2), end up in a non-trivial loop, or go until infinity. In this paper, we shall show that if a non-trivial loop…