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While generative models have recently become ubiquitous in many scientific areas, less attention has been paid to their evaluation. For molecular generative models, the state-of-the-art examines their output in isolation or in relation to…

Score-based Generative Models (SGMs) have demonstrated exceptional synthesis outcomes across various tasks. However, the current design landscape of the forward diffusion process remains largely untapped and often relies on physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Kushagra Pandey , Stephan Mandt

This article makes discrete masked models for the generative modeling of discrete data controllable. The goal is to generate samples of a discrete random variable that adheres to a posterior distribution, satisfies specific constraints, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Wei Guo , Yuchen Zhu , Molei Tao , Yongxin Chen

Score-based generative models have demonstrated significant practical success in data-generating tasks. The models establish a diffusion process that perturbs the ground truth data to Gaussian noise and then learn the reverse process to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ziqing Wen , Xiaoge Deng , Ping Luo , Tao Sun , Dongsheng Li

We study the problem of optimizing biological sequences, e.g., proteins, DNA, and RNA, to maximize a black-box score function that is only evaluated in an offline dataset. We propose a novel solution, bootstrapped training of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-26 Minsu Kim , Federico Berto , Sungsoo Ahn , Jinkyoo Park

Deep learning has transformed protein design, enabling accurate structure prediction, sequence optimization, and de novo protein generation. Advances in single-chain protein structure prediction via AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, ESMFold, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gregory W. Kyro , Tianyin Qiu , Victor S. Batista

Recently, deep generative models have revealed itself as a promising way of performing de novo molecule design. However, previous research has focused mainly on generating SMILES strings instead of molecular graphs. Although current graph…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-24 Yibo Li , Liangren Zhang , Zhenming Liu

Generating molecules with high binding affinities to target proteins (a.k.a. structure-based drug design) is a fundamental and challenging task in drug discovery. Recently, deep generative models have achieved remarkable success in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-05-24 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have demonstrated remarkable synthesis quality. SGMs rely on a diffusion process that gradually perturbs the data towards a tractable distribution, while the generative model learns to denoise. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-28 Tim Dockhorn , Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis

Generative models coupled with reinforcement learning (RL), such as REINVENT and PepINVENT, have emerged as a powerful framework for de novo molecular design. During the ideation process these generative frameworks utilize various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Laura van Weesep , Sunay Chankeshwara , Leonardo De Maria , Florian David , Ola Engkvist , Gökçe Geylan

The design of genome-scale constraint-based metabolic networks has steadily advanced, with an increasing number of successful cases achieving growth-coupled production, in which the biosynthesis of key metabolites is linked to cell growth.…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-19 Yier Ma , Takeyuki Tamura

Computational protein design, i.e. inferring novel and diverse protein sequences consistent with a given structure, remains a major unsolved challenge. Recently, deep generative models that learn from sequences alone or from sequences and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-15 Igor Melnyk , Payel Das , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to discover drug candidates by finding molecules (ligands) that bind tightly to a disease-related protein (targets), which is the primary approach to computer-aided drug discovery. Recently, applying…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-01 Tianfan Fu , Wenhao Gao , Connor W. Coley , Jimeng Sun

Enzymes are genetically encoded biocatalysts capable of accelerating chemical reactions. How can we automatically design functional enzymes? In this paper, we propose EnzyGen, an approach to learn a unified model to design enzymes across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhenqiao Song , Yunlong Zhao , Wenxian Shi , Wengong Jin , Yang Yang , Lei Li

We present VoxBind, a new score-based generative model for 3D molecules conditioned on protein structures. Our approach represents molecules as 3D atomic density grids and leverages a 3D voxel-denoising network for learning and generation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Pedro O. Pinheiro , Arian Jamasb , Omar Mahmood , Vishnu Sresht , Saeed Saremi

The incorporation of generative models as regularisers within variational formulations for inverse problems has proven effective across numerous image reconstruction tasks. However, the resulting optimisation problem is often non-convex and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Pascal Fernsel , Željko Kereta , Alexander Denker

Generating graph-structured data requires learning the underlying distribution of graphs. Yet, this is a challenging problem, and the previous graph generative methods either fail to capture the permutation-invariance property of graphs or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Jaehyeong Jo , Seul Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Proteins are dynamic molecular machines whose biological functions, spanning enzymatic catalysis, signal transduction, and structural adaptation, are intrinsically linked to their motions. Designing proteins with targeted dynamic…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-17 Bo Ni , Markus J. Buehler

How do score-based generative models (SBMs) learn the data distribution supported on a low-dimensional manifold? We investigate the score model of a trained SBM through its linear approximations and subspaces spanned by local feature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-17 Li Kevin Wenliang , Ben Moran

Generating peptides with desired properties is crucial for drug discovery and biotechnology. Traditional sequence-based and structure-based methods often require extensive datasets, which limits their effectiveness. In this study, we…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-19 Po-Yu Liang , Xueting Huang , Tibo Duran , Andrew J. Wiemer , Jun Bai
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