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The debate over whether "thinking machines" could replace human intellectual labor has existed in both public and expert discussions since the mid-twentieth century, when the concept and terminology of Artificial Intelligence (AI) first…
As Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), becomes increasingly embedded in education systems worldwide, ensuring their ethical, legal, and contextually appropriate deployment has become a critical policy…
Large Language Model (LLM) agents are transforming education by automating complex pedagogical tasks and enhancing both teaching and learning processes. In this survey, we present a systematic review of recent advances in applying LLM…
Discussion about the replacement of intellectual human labour by ``thinking machines'' has been present in the public and expert discourse since the creation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as an idea and terminology since the middle of the…
The growing ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular large language models (LLMs), has profoundly altered the way in which learners gain knowledge and interact with learning material, with many claiming that AI positively…
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational measurement has revolutionized assessment methods, enabling automated scoring, rapid content analysis, and personalized feedback through machine learning and natural language…
Artificial intelligence (AI), which enables machines to learn to perform a task by training on diverse datasets, is one of the most revolutionary developments in scientific history. Although AI and especially deep learning is relatively…
We discuss the implications of generative AI on education across four critical sections: the historical development of AI in education, its contemporary applications in learning, societal repercussions, and strategic recommendations for…
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping higher education, yet many universities remain in early stages of adoption where AI innovation occurs informally and without institutional recognition. This paper presents a framework…
This paper presents a comprehensive examination of how multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are paving the way towards the realization of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) in educational contexts. It scrutinizes the…
With the surge in data-centric AI and its increasing capabilities, AI applications have become a part of our everyday lives. However, misunderstandings regarding their capabilities, limitations, and associated advantages and disadvantages…
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems, in education has shown promise in enhancing teaching and learning experiences. However, the advent of Multimodal Large Language Models…
In this paper we discuss how systems with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can undergo safety assessment. This is relevant, if AI is used in safety related applications. Taking a deeper look into AI models, we show, that many models of…
The cyberspace and development of intelligent systems using Artificial Intelligence (AI) creates new challenges to computer professionals, data scientists, regulators and policy makers. For example, self-driving cars raise new technical,…
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems continue to grow in size and complexity, so does the difficulty of the quest for AI transparency. In a world of large models and complex AI systems, why do we explain AI and what should we explain?…
The primary goal of this study is to analyze agentic workflows in education according to the proposed four major technological paradigms: reflection, planning, tool use, and multi-agent collaboration. We critically examine the role of AI…
Current discourse surrounding Artificial Intelligence (AI) oscillates between hope and apprehension, painting a future where AI reshapes every facet of human life, including Education. This paper delves into the complexities of AI's role in…
This paper examines the historical foundations, current practices, and emerging challenges for Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) within broader AI practices. It highlights AIED's unique and rich potential for contributing to the…
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have emerged in the educational domain as a tool to make learning more efficient. Different applications for mastering particular skills, learning new languages, and tracking their progress are used…
The development of educational AI (AIEd) systems has often been motivated by their potential to promote educational equity and reduce achievement gaps across different groups of learners -- for example, by scaling up the benefits of…