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Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in agentic environments must exercise multiple capabilities across different task instances, where a capability is performing one or more actions in a trajectory that are necessary for successfully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hangoo Kang , Tarun Suresh , Jon Saad-Falcon , Azalia Mirhoseini

Evaluating open-ended outputs from large language models (LLMs) remains challenging due to the absence of ground truth. Existing metrics rely on final-answer accuracy or surface-level statistics, leaving the reasoning process itself…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yundong Kim , Heyoung Yang

Post-training alignment of large language models (LLMs) relies on large-scale human annotations guided by policy specifications that change over time. Cultural shifts, value reinterpretations, and regulatory or industrial updates make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aakash Sen Sharma , Debdeep Sanyal , Manodeep Ray , Vivek Srivastava , Shirish Karande , Murari Mandal

Continual learning (CL) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm to enable large language models (LLMs) to dynamically adapt to evolving knowledge and sequential tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting-a critical limitation of the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hongyang Chen , Zhongwu Sun , Hongfei Ye , Kunchi Li , Xuemin Lin

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) delivers substantial value in knowledge-intensive applications. However, its generated responses often lack transparent reasoning paths that trace back to source evidence from retrieved documents. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jingyi Ren , Yekun Xu , Xiaolong Wang , Weitao Li , Ante Wang , Weizhi Ma , Yang Liu

The recent success of large language models (LLMs) trained on static, pre-collected, general datasets has sparked numerous research directions and applications. One such direction addresses the non-trivial challenge of integrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Haizhou Shi , Zihao Xu , Hengyi Wang , Weiyi Qin , Wenyuan Wang , Yibin Wang , Zifeng Wang , Sayna Ebrahimi , Hao Wang

The field of Language Reasoning Models (LRMs) has been very active over the past few years with advances in training and inference techniques enabling LRMs to reason longer, and more accurately. However, a growing body of studies show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yannis Belkhiter , Seshu Tirupathi , Giulio Zizzo , John D. Kelleher

Reliable mathematical and scientific reasoning remains an open challenge for large vision-language models. Standard final-answer evaluation often masks reasoning errors, allowing silent failures to persist. To address this gap, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Shima Imani , Seungwhan Moon , Lambert Mathias , Lu Zhang , Babak Damavandi

Continual learning (CL) in large language models (LLMs) is an evolving domain that focuses on developing efficient and sustainable training strategies to adapt models to emerging knowledge and achieve robustness in dynamic environments. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Çağatay Yıldız , Nishaanth Kanna Ravichandran , Nitin Sharma , Matthias Bethge , Beyza Ermis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, yet their deployment in enterprise environments reveals a critical limitation: inconsistent adherence to custom instructions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Vishesh Tripathi , Uday Allu , Biddwan Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new potential for automating documentation-to-code traceability, yet their capabilities remain underexplored. We present a comprehensive evaluation of LLMs (Claude 3.5 Sonnet, GPT-4o, and o3-mini) in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ebube Alor , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Large language models (LLMs) are not amenable to frequent re-training, due to high training costs arising from their massive scale. However, updates are necessary to endow LLMs with new skills and keep them up-to-date with rapidly evolving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Tongtong Wu , Linhao Luo , Yuan-Fang Li , Shirui Pan , Thuy-Trang Vu , Gholamreza Haffari

Continual instruction tuning(CIT) during the post-training phase is crucial for adapting multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to evolving real-world demands. However, the progress is hampered by the lack of benchmarks with rigorous,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Haiyun Guo , Zhiyan Hou , Yandu Sun , Jinghan He , Yu Chen , Yuzhe Zhou , Yuheng Jia , Jinqiao Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Despite the fact that large language models (LLMs) show exceptional skill in instruction following tasks, this strength can turn into a vulnerability when the models are required to disregard certain instructions. Instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yerin Hwang , Yongil Kim , Jahyun Koo , Taegwan Kang , Hyunkyung Bae , Kyomin Jung

Test-time scaling, which leverages additional computation during inference to improve model accuracy, has enabled a new class of Large Language Models (LLMs) that are able to reason through complex problems by understanding the goal,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shaltiel Shmidman , Asher Fredman , Oleg Sudakov , Meriem Bendris

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet aligning them efficiently and effectively with human expectations remains a critical challenge. This thesis advances LLM alignment by introducing novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuxin Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable performance across various language understanding tasks. While emerging benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate LLMs in various domains such as mathematics and computer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Junnan Dong , Zijin Hong , Yuanchen Bei , Feiran Huang , Xinrun Wang , Xiao Huang

Recent work exploring the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has demonstrated their ability to act as general pattern machines by completing complex token sequences representing a wide array of tasks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Seyed Parsa Neshaei , Richard Lee Davis , Adam Hazimeh , Bojan Lazarevski , Pierre Dillenbourg , Tanja Käser

Learning analytics researchers often analyze qualitative student data such as coded annotations or interview transcripts to understand learning processes. With the rise of generative AI, fully automated and human-AI workflows have emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Elham Tajik , Conrad Borchers , Bahar Shahrokhian , Sebastian Simon , Ali Keramati , Sonika Pal , Sreecharan Sankaranarayanan

Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned to align with human values often exhibit alignment drift, producing unsafe or policy-violating completions when exposed to adversarial prompts, decoding perturbations, or paraphrased jailbreaks. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Amitava Das , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha
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