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Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become crucial for rapidly adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Prefix-Tuning, an early and effective PEFT technique, demonstrated the ability to achieve performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haonan Wang , Brian Chen , Siquan Li , Xinhe Liang , Hwee Kuan Lee , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyang Hu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques have emerged to address overfitting and high computational costs associated with fully fine-tuning in self-supervised learning. Mainstream PEFT methods add a few trainable parameters while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xingliang Lei , Yiwen Ye , Zhisong Wang , Ziyang Chen , Minglei Shu , Weidong Cai , Yanning Zhang , Yong Xia

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, with post-training playing a crucial role in enhancing their reasoning capabilities. Among post-training paradigms, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is widely used: it leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lisong Sun , Li Wang , Chen Zhang , Jinyang Wu , Kui Zhang , Tianhao Peng , Wenjun Wu

With increasing privacy concerns on data, recent studies have made significant progress using federated learning (FL) on privacy-sensitive natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Much literature suggests fully fine-tuning pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Zhuo Zhang , Yuanhang Yang , Yong Dai , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu

Post-training algorithms such as Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Fine-Tuning (RFT) are widely used to adapt (multimodal) large language models to downstream tasks. While effective at task adaptation, their impact on retaining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Zhihao Zhang , Qiaole Dong , Qi Zhang , Jun Zhao , Enyu Zhou , Zhiheng Xi , Senjie Jin , Xiaoran Fan , Yuhao Zhou , Mingqi Wu , Yanwei Fu , Tao Ji , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Kai Chen

In the era of foundation models, fine-tuning pre-trained models for specific downstream tasks has become crucial. This drives the need for robust fine-tuning methods to address challenges such as model overfitting and sparse labeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Shikun Liu , Deyu Zou , Nima Shoghi , Victor Fung , Kai Liu , Pan Li

Foundation models have significantly advanced medical image analysis through the pre-train fine-tune paradigm. Among various fine-tuning algorithms, Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is increasingly utilized for knowledge transfer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Raman Dutt , Linus Ericsson , Pedro Sanchez , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris , Timothy Hospedales

By pretraining on trillions of tokens, an LLM gains the capability of text generation. However, to enhance its utility and reduce potential harm, SFT and alignment are applied sequentially to the pretrained model. Because SFT and alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhichao Wang , Bin Bi , Zixu Zhu , Xiangbo Mao , Jun Wang , Shiyu Wang , Cheng Wang , Dong Nie , Lingzi Hong

Continual learning (CL) aims to extend deep models from static and enclosed environments to dynamic and complex scenarios, enabling systems to continuously acquire new knowledge of novel categories without forgetting previously learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Sunyuan Qiang , Xuxin Lin , Yanyan Liang , Jun Wan , Du Zhang

Fine-tuning speech representation models can enhance performance on specific tasks but often compromises their cross-task generalization ability. This degradation is often caused by excessive changes in the representations, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tzu-Quan Lin , Wei-Ping Huang , Hao Tang , Hung-yi Lee

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show great promise for complex, multi-turn tool-use tasks, but their development is often hampered by the extreme scarcity of high-quality training data. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on synthetic data leads…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Siyuan Lu , Zechuan Wang , Hongxuan Zhang , Qintong Wu , Leilei Gan , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu , Tao Lin

Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) facilitates the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited resources. However, the fine-tuning performance with PEFT on complex, knowledge-intensive tasks is limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jitai Hao , WeiWei Sun , Xin Xin , Qi Meng , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren

Tabular Foundation Models (TFMs) have recently shown strong in-context learning capabilities on structured data, achieving zero-shot performance comparable to traditional machine learning methods. We find that zero-shot TFMs already achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Aditya Tanna , Pratinav Seth , Mohamed Bouadi , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu

Training large foundation models from scratch for domain-specific applications is almost impossible due to data limits and long-tailed distributions -- taking remote sensing (RS) as an example. Fine-tuning natural image pre-trained models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zichen Tian , Yaoyao Liu , Qianru Sun

Recent progress in motion forecasting has been substantially driven by self-supervised pre-training. However, adapting pre-trained models for specific downstream tasks, especially motion prediction, through extensive fine-tuning is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jifeng Wang , Kaouther Messaoud , Yuejiang Liu , Juergen Gall , Alexandre Alahi

Federated fine-tuning enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to downstream tasks while preserving data privacy, but its resource-intensive nature limits deployment on edge devices. In this paper, we introduce Developmental Federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yebo Wu , Jingguang Li , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li

Multilingual pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on several downstream tasks for both high-resourced and low-resourced languages. However, there is still a large performance drop for languages unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Jesujoba O. Alabi , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Marius Mosbach , Dietrich Klakow

Feature Transformation is crucial for classic machine learning that aims to generate feature combinations to enhance the performance of downstream tasks from a data-centric perspective. Current methodologies, such as manual expert-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tianqi He , Xiaohan Huang , Yi Du , Qingqing Long , Ziyue Qiao , Min Wu , Yanjie Fu , Yuanchun Zhou , Meng Xiao

Transfer learning has become a popular task adaptation method in the era of foundation models. However, many foundation models require large storage and computing resources, which makes off-the-shelf deployment impractical. Post-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Jung Hwan Heo , Seyedarmin Azizi , Arash Fayyazi , Massoud Pedram

Traditional Large Language Model (LLM) pretraining relies on autoregressive language modeling with randomly sampled data from web-scale datasets. Inspired by human learning techniques like spaced repetition, we hypothesize that random…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Neha Prakriya , Jui-Nan Yen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Jason Cong
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