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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for noninvasively stimulating a brain area for therapeutic, rehabilitation treatments and neuroscience research. Despite our understanding of the physical principles and experimental…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-30 Jose Gomez-Tames , Ilkka Laakso , Akimasa Hirata

For decades, focal non-invasive neuromodulation of deep brain regions has not been possible because of the steep depth-focality trade-off of conventional non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-17 Pierre Vassiliadis , Elena Beanato , Maximilian J. Wessel , Friedhelm C. Hummel

Brain stimulation is a core method in neuroscience. Numerous non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are currently in use in basic and clinical research, and recent advances promise the ability to non-invasively access deep brain…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-02 Sebastian J Lehmann , Brian D Corneil

We present a real-time visualization system for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique for treating various brain disorders and mental health diseases. Our solution targets the current challenges…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-14 Loraine Franke , Tae Young Park , Jie Luo , Yogesh Rathi , Steve Pieper , Lipeng Ning , Daniel Haehn

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular method for the noninvasive stimulation of neurons in the brain. It has become a standard instrument in experimental brain research and is approved for a range of diagnostic and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Max Koehler , Stefan Goetz

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) by quasistatic electromagnetic means is presently comprised of two methods: Magnetic induction methods (Transcranial magnetic perturbation or TMP) and electrical contact methods (Transcranial electric…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-06-11 D. J. Sheltraw , B. Inglis , L. Labruna , R. Ivry

During the last three decades, many studies have been conducted in the field of treatment with non-invasive methods. In this way, researchers try to use alternative methods including the use of electromagnetic waves in the treatment of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-23 Arsalan Heidarpanah

Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is rapidly emerging as a transformative non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) modality characterized by high spatial resolution and ability to target deep brain circuits. Unlike…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-02 William J. Tyler

Personalized treatments are gaining momentum across all fields of medicine. Precision medicine can be applied to neuromodulatory techniques, where focused brain stimulation treatments such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation…

Neurostimulation technologies have seen a recent surge in interest from the neuroscience and controls communities alike due to their proven potential to treat conditions such as Parkinson's Disease, and depression. The provided stimulation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-03 Gagan Acharya , Sebastian F. Ruf , Erfan Nozari

In recent years, non-invasive neuro-modulation methods such as Focused Ultrasound (FUS) have gained popularity. The aim of this work is to introduce the use of existing open-source technology for surgical navigation to the field of…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-09-30 Frank Preiswerk , Spencer T. Brinker , Nathan J. McDannold , Timothy Y. Mariano

Despite recent advances in brain research, understanding the various signals for pain and pain intensities in the brain cortex is still a complex task due to temporal and spatial variations of brain hemodynamics. In this paper we have…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-07-28 Raul Fernandez Rojas , Xu Huang , Keng Liang Ou , Dat Tran , Sheikh Md. Rabiul Islam

Concurrency of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) technique is a powerful and challenging methodology for basic research and clinical applications. Aspects considered in experiments for effective TMS-EEG…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-18 Hua Cheng

In recent years, functional magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating the human brain's functional connectivity networks. Related studies demonstrate that functional connectivity networks in the human brain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Xiangzhu Meng , Wei Wei , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

The present literature about possible mechanisms behind the effectivity of noninvasive electromagnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder (MDD) is not very rich. Despite extensive research in applications for clinical practice, the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-12-19 Milena Cukic

Non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) provides a powerful tool to directly modulate brain oscillations that mediate complex cognitive processes. While the body of evidence about the…

A major shortcoming of medical practice is the lack of an objective measure of conscious level. Impairment of consciousness is common, e.g. following brain injury and seizures, which can also interfere with sensory processing and volitional…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-24 Alexis Pomares Pastor , Ines Ribeiro Violante , Gregory Scott

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an established palliative treatment for drug resistant epilepsy. While effective for many patients, its mechanism of action is incompletely understood. Predicting individuals' response, or optimum…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-06 John F. Ingham , Frances Hutchings , Paolo Zuliani , Yujiang Wang , Sadegh Soudjani , Peter N. Taylor

Identifying what aspects of brain activity are responsible for conscious perception remains one of the most challenging problems in science. While progress has been made through psychophysical studies employing EEG and fMRI, research would…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-14 Daniel K. Freeman , Brian Odegaard , Seung-Schik Yoo , Matthias Michel

Low-intensity Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique enabling cortical and deep brain targeting with unprecedented spatial accuracy. Given the high rate of adoption by new users with varying…

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