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A test oracle determines whether a system behaves correctly for a given input. Automatic testing techniques rely on an automated test oracle to test the system without user interaction. Important families of automated test oracles include…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Manuel Rigger , Zhendong Su

Testing software is often costly due to the need of mass-producing test cases and providing a test oracle for it. This is often referred to as the oracle problem. One method that has been proposed in order to alleviate the oracle problem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Adrian Wildandyawan , Yasuharu Nishi

In software testing, a set of test cases is constructed according to some predefined selection criteria. The software is then examined against these test cases. Three interesting observations have been made on the current artifacts of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-02 T. Y. Chen , S. C. Cheung , S. M. Yiu

Model transformations are the cornerstone of Model-Driven Engineering, and provide the essential mechanisms for manipulating and transforming models. Checking whether the output of a model transformation is correct is a manual and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Javier Troya , Sergio Segura , Antonio Ruiz-Cortés

Oracle quantum programs are a fundamental class of quantum programs that serve as a critical bridge between quantum computing and classical computing. Many important quantum algorithms are built upon oracle quantum programs, making it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Peixun Long , Jianjun Zhao

An oracle is a mechanism to decide whether the outputs of the program for the executed test cases are correct. For machine learning programs, such oracle is not available or too difficult to apply. Metamorphic testing is a testing approach…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

Security testing verifies that the data and the resources of software systems are protected from attackers. Unfortunately, it suffers from the oracle problem, which refers to the challenge, given an input for a system, of distinguishing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Phu X. Mai , Fabrizio Pastore , Arda Goknil , Lionel Briand

Artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) systems and emerging quantum computing software present unprecedented testing challenges characterized by high-dimensional/continuous input spaces, probabilistic/non-deterministic output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Lamine Rihani

Metamorphic testing is a testing method for problems without test oracles. Integration testing allows for detecting errors in complex systems that may not be found during the testing of their components. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Sofia F. Yakusheva , Anton S. Khritankov

An oracle determines whether the output of a program for executed test cases is correct. For machine learning programs, such an oracle is often unavailable or impractical to apply. Metamorphic testing addresses this by using metamorphic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

Metamorphic testing (MT) is widely used for testing programs that face the oracle problem. It uses a set of metamorphic relations (MRs), which are relations among multiple inputs and their corresponding outputs to determine whether the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

The global testing problem studied in this paper is to seek a definite answer to whether a system of concurrent black-boxes has an observable behavior in a given finite (but could be huge) set "Bad". We introduce a novel approach to solve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gaoyan Xie , Zhe Dang

Software testing is normally used to check the validity of a program. Test oracle performs an important role in software testing. The focus in this research is to perform class level test by introducing a testing framework. A technique is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-08-27 Munib Ahmad , Fuad Bajaber , M. Rizwan Jameel Qureshi

We elaborate on a metamorphic approach for testing industrial control systems. The proposed approach consists of two phases: an exploration phase in which we learn about fault patterns of the system under test and an exploitation phase…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Gaadha Sudheerbabu , Tanwir Ahmad , Filip Sebek , Dragos Truscan , Jüri Vain , Ivan Porres

The goal in function property testing is to determine whether a black-box Boolean function has a certain property or is epsilon-far from having that property. The performance of the algorithm is judged by how many calls need to be made to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Mark Hillery , Erika Andersson

Metamorphic testing is a well known approach to tackle the oracle problem in software testing. This technique requires the use of source test cases that serve as seeds for the generation of follow-up test cases. Systematic design of test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Prashanta Saha , Upulee Kanewala

In the permutation inversion problem, the task is to find the preimage of some challenge value, given oracle access to the permutation. This is a fundamental problem in query complexity, and appears in many contexts, particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Gorjan Alagic , Chen Bai , Alexander Poremba , Kaiyan Shi

Bioinformatics software plays a very important role in making critical decisions within many areas including medicine and health care. However, most of the research is directed towards developing tools, and little time and effort is spent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Madhusudan Srinivasan , Morteza Pourreza Shahri , Upulee Kanewala , Indika Kahanda

Metamorphic Testing (MT) is a testing technique that can effectively alleviate the oracle problem. MT uses Metamorphic Relations (MRs) to determine if a test case passes or fails. MRs specify how the outputs should vary in response to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Alejandra Duque-Torres , Dietmar Pfahl , Claus Klammer , Stefan Fischer

In this work, we investigate the problem of revealing the functionality of a black-box agent. Notably, we are interested in the interpretable and formal description of the behavior of such an agent. Ideally, this description would take the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Hossein Hajipour , Mateusz Malinowski , Mario Fritz
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