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Training deep learning networks with minimal supervision has gained significant research attention due to its potential to reduce reliance on extensive labelled data. While self-training methods have proven effective in semi-supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ali Almutairi , Abdullah Alsuhaibani , Shoaib Jameel , Usman Naseem , Gelareh Mohammadi , Imran Razzak

While deep learning has achieved remarkable success across many domains, it has historically underperformed on tabular learning tasks, which remain dominated by gradient boosting decision trees. However, recent advancements are paving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Alan Arazi , Eilam Shapira , Roi Reichart

In numerous practical applications, acquiring substantial quantities of labelled data is challenging and expensive, but unlabelled data is readily accessible. Conventional supervised learning methods frequently underperform in scenarios…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Anusree M , Akhila Henry , Pramod P Nair

In this paper, we present a simple and efficient method for training deep neural networks in a semi-supervised setting where only a small portion of training data is labeled. We introduce self-ensembling, where we form a consensus…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Samuli Laine , Timo Aila

Recent unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods have shown great success in addressing classical domain shifts (e.g., synthetic-to-real), but they still suffer under complex shifts (e.g. geographical shift), where both the background…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Mattia Litrico , Mario Valerio Giuffrida , Sebastiano Battiato , Devis Tuia

Recent state-of-the-art methods in imbalanced semi-supervised learning (SSL) rely on confidence-based pseudo-labeling with consistency regularization. To obtain high-quality pseudo-labels, a high confidence threshold is typically adopted.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Zhuoran Yu , Yin Li , Yong Jae Lee

The past few years have witnessed a remarkable advance in deep learning for EEG-based sleep stage classification (SSC). However, the success of these models is attributed to possessing a massive amount of labeled data for training, limiting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-14 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee-Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li

While existing unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods greatly enhance target domain performance in semantic segmentation, they often neglect network calibration quality, resulting in misalignment between prediction confidence and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Wangkai Li , Rui Sun , Zhaoyang Li , Yujia Chen , Tianzhu Zhang

Self-training (ST) has prospered again in language understanding by augmenting the fine-tuning of pre-trained language models when labeled data is insufficient. However, it remains challenging to incorporate ST into attribute-controllable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yuxi Feng , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiting Wang , Laks V. S. Lakshmanan , Xing Xie

Sequence labeling is an important technique employed for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as Named Entity Recognition (NER), slot tagging for dialog systems and semantic parsing. Large-scale pre-trained language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Yaqing Wang , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Haoda Chu , Yuancheng Tu , Ming Wu , Jing Gao , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

In supervised machine learning, use of correct labels is extremely important to ensure high accuracy. Unfortunately, most datasets contain corrupted labels. Machine learning models trained on such datasets do not generalize well. Thus,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Chang Yue , Niraj K. Jha

Unsupervised object re-identification targets at learning discriminative representations for object retrieval without any annotations. Clustering-based methods conduct training with the generated pseudo labels and currently dominate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Xiao Zhang , Yixiao Ge , Yu Qiao , Hongsheng Li

Intelligent Fault Diagnosis (IFD) based on deep learning has proven to be an effective and flexible solution, attracting extensive research. Deep neural networks can learn rich representations from vast amounts of representative labeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Florent Forest , Olga Fink

Calibrated probability outputs of trained classifiers are increasingly used as inputs to downstream regression estimands such as effects, prevalences, or disparities for a latent group observed only on a small labelled subset. A standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Marcell T. Kurbucz

Short text clustering is challenging since it takes imbalanced and noisy data as inputs. Existing approaches cannot solve this problem well, since (1) they are prone to obtain degenerate solutions especially on heavy imbalanced datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Xiaolin Zheng , Mengling Hu , Weiming Liu , Chaochao Chen , Xinting Liao

Deep clustering, which learns representation and semantic clustering without labels information, poses a great challenge for deep learning-based approaches. Despite significant progress in recent years, most existing methods focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Chuyu Zhang , Hui Ren , Xuming He

The remarkable success of Deep Learning approaches is often based and demonstrated on large public datasets. However, when applying such approaches to internal, private datasets, one frequently faces challenges arising from structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Dayananda Herurkar , Jörn Hees , Vesselin Tzvetkov , Andreas Dengel

The performance of a model trained with noisy labels is often improved by simply \textit{retraining} the model with its \textit{own predicted hard labels} (i.e., 1/0 labels). Yet, a detailed theoretical characterization of this phenomenon…

Self-training is one of the earliest and simplest semi-supervised methods. The key idea is to augment the original labeled dataset with unlabeled data paired with the model's prediction (i.e. the pseudo-parallel data). While self-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Junxian He , Jiatao Gu , Jiajun Shen , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

We present streaming self-training (SST) that aims to democratize the process of learning visual recognition models such that a non-expert user can define a new task depending on their needs via a few labeled examples and minimal domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Zhiqiu Lin , Deva Ramanan , Aayush Bansal