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In many scientific contexts, different investigators experiment with or observe different variables with data from a domain in which the distinct variable sets might well be related. This sort of fragmentation sometimes occurs in molecular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Shuyan Wang

Identifying causal relationships in climate systems remains challenging due to nonlinear, coupled dynamics that limit the effectiveness of linear and stochastic causal discovery approaches. This study benchmarks Convergence Cross Mapping…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-23 Francis Nji , Seraj Al Mahmud Mostafa , Jianwu Wang

An important goal across most scientific fields is the discovery of causal structures underling a set of observations. Unfortunately, causal discovery methods which are based on correlation or mutual information can often fail to identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Matthew J. Vowels , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Many multivariate time series anomaly detection frameworks have been proposed and widely applied. However, most of these frameworks do not consider intrinsic relationships between variables in multivariate time series data, thus ignoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Falih Gozi Febrinanto , Kristen Moore , Chandra Thapa , Mujie Liu , Vidya Saikrishna , Jiangang Ma , Feng Xia

Real world systems evolve in continuous-time according to their underlying causal relationships, yet their dynamics are often unknown. Existing approaches to learning such dynamics typically either discretize time -- leading to poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Nicholas Tagliapietra , Katharina Ensinger , Christoph Zimmer , Osman Mian

Much of the causal discovery literature prioritises guaranteeing the identifiability of causal direction in statistical models. For structures within a Markov equivalence class, this requires strong assumptions which may not hold in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-29 Anish Dhir , Samuel Power , Mark van der Wilk

Causal discovery for purely observational, categorical data is a long-standing challenging problem. Unlike continuous data, the vast majority of existing methods for categorical data focus on inferring the Markov equivalence class only,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-20 Yang Ni , Bani Mallick

The use of simulated data in the field of causal discovery is ubiquitous due to the scarcity of annotated real data. Recently, Reisach et al., 2021 highlighted the emergence of patterns in simulated linear data, which displays increasing…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-24 Francesco Montagna , Nicoletta Noceti , Lorenzo Rosasco , Francesco Locatello

Causal discovery from observational data is challenging, especially with large datasets and complex relationships. Traditional methods often struggle with scalability and capturing global structural information. To overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rezaur Rashid , Gabriel Terejanu

Causal discovery from observational data is a challenging task that can only be solved up to a set of equivalent solutions, called an equivalence class. Such classes, which are often large in size, encode uncertainties about the orientation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Philippe Brouillard , Perouz Taslakian , Alexandre Lacoste , Sebastien Lachapelle , Alexandre Drouin

We investigate the problem of inferring the causal predictors of a response $Y$ from a set of $d$ explanatory variables $(X^1,\dots,X^d)$. Classical ordinary least squares regression includes all predictors that reduce the variance of $Y$.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Niklas Pfister , Peter Bühlmann , Jonas Peters

Causal learning has long concerned itself with the accurate recovery of underlying causal mechanisms. Such causal modelling enables better explanations of out-of-distribution data. Prior works on causal learning assume that the high-level…

Causal discovery aims to extract qualitative causal knowledge in the form of causal graphs from data. Because causal ground truth is rarely known in the real world, simulated data plays a vital role in evaluating the performance of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Rebecca J. Herman , Jonas Wahl , Urmi Ninad , Jakob Runge

We consider the problem of causal discovery (a.k.a., causal structure learning) in a multi-domain setting. We assume that the causal functions are invariant across the domains, while the distribution of the exogenous noise may vary. Under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Kasra Jalaldoust , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash

Causal decomposition depicts a cause-effect relationship that is not based on the concept of prediction, but based on the phase dependence of time series. It has been validated in both stochastic and deterministic systems and is now…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Yi Zhang , Qin Yang , Lifu Zhang , Branko Celler , Steven Su , Peng Xu , Dezhong Yao

Algorithms for causal discovery have recently undergone rapid advances and increasingly draw on flexible nonparametric methods to process complex data. With these advances comes a need for adequate empirical validation of the causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-15 Konstantin Göbler , Tobias Windisch , Mathias Drton , Tim Pychynski , Steffen Sonntag , Martin Roth

We present a constraint-based algorithm for learning causal structures from observational time-series data, in the presence of latent confounders. We assume a discrete-time, stationary structural vector autoregressive process, with both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Raanan Y. Rohekar , Shami Nisimov , Yaniv Gurwicz , Gal Novik

Theoretical developments in sequential Bayesian analysis of multivariate dynamic models underlie new methodology for causal prediction. This extends the utility of existing models with computationally efficient methodology, enabling routine…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-05 Kevin Li , Graham Tierney , Christoph Hellmayr , Mike West

The discovery of causal relationships between random variables is an important yet challenging problem that has applications across many scientific domains. Differentiable causal discovery (DCD) methods are effective in uncovering causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shiv Kampani , David Hidary , Constantijn van der Poel , Martin Ganahl , Brenda Miao

The problem of missing values in multivariable time series is a key challenge in many applications such as clinical data mining. Although many imputation methods show their effectiveness in many applications, few of them are designed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Ye Xue , Diego Klabjan , Yuan Luo