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Learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with low bitwidth is challenging because performance may drop significantly after quantization. Prior arts often discretize the network weights by carefully tuning hyper-parameters of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Chaofan Tao , Rui Lin , Quan Chen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Ping Luo , Ngai Wong

Lately, post-training quantization methods have gained considerable attention, as they are simple to use, and require only a small unlabeled calibration set. This small dataset cannot be used to fine-tune the model without significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Itay Hubara , Yury Nahshan , Yair Hanani , Ron Banner , Daniel Soudry

In deep neural networks (DNNs), there are a huge number of weights and multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. Accordingly, it is challenging to apply DNNs on resource-constrained platforms, e.g., mobile phones. Quantization is a method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Wenhao Sun , Grace Li Zhang , Huaxi Gu , Bing Li , Ulf Schlichtmann

Quantization is wildly taken as a model compression technique, which obtains efficient models by converting floating-point weights and activations in the neural network into lower-bit integers. Quantization has been proven to work well on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Lingran Zhao , Zhen Dong , Kurt Keutzer

Quantization Aware Training (QAT) is a neural network quantization technique that compresses model size and improves operational efficiency while effectively maintaining model performance. The paradigm of QAT is to introduce fake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Wenqiang Zhou , Zhendong Yu , Xinyu Liu , Jiaming Yang , Rong Xiao , Tao Wang , Chenwei Tang , Jiancheng Lv

In recent years, hardware-accelerated neural networks have gained significant attention for edge computing applications. Among various hardware options, crossbar arrays, offer a promising avenue for efficient storage and manipulation of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Arseni Ivanov

Deep neural networks have been applied in many applications exhibiting extraordinary abilities in the field of computer vision. However, complex network architectures challenge efficient real-time deployment and require significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Tailin Liang , John Glossner , Lei Wang , Shaobo Shi , Xiaotong Zhang

Quantizing weights and activations of deep neural networks results in significant improvement in inference efficiency at the cost of lower accuracy. A source of the accuracy gap between full precision and quantized models is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Hadi Pouransari , Zhucheng Tu , Oncel Tuzel

Quantized deep neural networks (QDNNs) are necessary for low-power, high throughput, and embedded applications. Previous studies mostly focused on developing optimization methods for the quantization of given models. However, quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Yoonho Boo , Sungho Shin , Wonyong Sung

Model quantization reduces neural network parameter precision to achieve compression, but often compromises accuracy. Existing post-training quantization (PTQ) methods employ iterative parameter updates to preserve accuracy under high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zekang Zheng , Haokun Li , Yaofo Chen , Mingkui Tan , Qing Du

Post-training, layer-wise quantization is preferable because it is free from retraining and is hardware-friendly. Nevertheless, accuracy degradation has occurred when a neural network model has a big difference of per-out-channel weight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Jihun Oh , SangJeong Lee , Meejeong Park , Pooni Walagaurav , Kiseok Kwon

Post-training quantization (PTQ) for vision transformers (ViTs) has garnered significant attention due to its efficiency in compressing models. However, existing methods typically overlook the relationship between a well-trained NN and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Peng Xia , Junbiao Pang , Tianyang Cai

The biggest challenge for the deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) close to the generated data on edge devices is their size, i.e., memory footprint and computational complexity. Both are significantly reduced with quantization. With…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Cecilia Latotzke , Batuhan Balim , Tobias Gemmeke

Monotone operator equilibrium networks are implicit-layer models whose output is the unique equilibrium of a monotone operator, guaranteeing existence, uniqueness, and convergence. When deployed on low-precision hardware, weights are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 James Li , Philip H. W. Leong , Thomas Chaffey

Neural network training is a memory- and compute-intensive task. Quantization, which enables low-bitwidth formats in training, can significantly mitigate the workload. To reduce quantization error, recent methods have developed new data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Wenjin Guo , Donglai Liu , Weiying Xie , Yunsong Li , Xuefei Ning , Zihan Meng , Shulin Zeng , Jie Lei , Zhenman Fang , Yu Wang

Compression is a key step to deploy large neural networks on resource-constrained platforms. As a popular compression technique, quantization constrains the number of distinct weight values and thus reducing the number of bits required to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Yukun Ding , Jinglan Liu , Jinjun Xiong , Yiyu Shi

Adder Neural Network (AdderNet) provides a new way for developing energy-efficient neural networks by replacing the expensive multiplications in convolution with cheaper additions (i.e.l1-norm). To achieve higher hardware efficiency, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Ying Nie , Kai Han , Haikang Diao , Chuanjian Liu , Enhua Wu , Yunhe Wang

Recently, transformer has achieved remarkable performance on a variety of computer vision applications. Compared with mainstream convolutional neural networks, vision transformers are often of sophisticated architectures for extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Zhenhua Liu , Yunhe Wang , Kai Han , Siwei Ma , Wen Gao

Neural network binarization accelerates deep models by quantizing their weights and activations into 1-bit. However, there is still a huge performance gap between Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) and their full-precision (FP) counterparts. As…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Yuzhang Shang , Dan Xu , Ziliang Zong , Liqiang Nie , Yan Yan

We tackle the problem of producing compact models, maximizing their accuracy for a given model size. A standard solution is to train networks with Quantization Aware Training, where the weights are quantized during training and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Angela Fan , Pierre Stock , Benjamin Graham , Edouard Grave , Remi Gribonval , Herve Jegou , Armand Joulin