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Quantum error correction is a critical component for scaling up quantum computing. Given a quantum code, an optimal decoder maps the measured code violations to the most likely error that occurred, but its cost scales exponentially with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Evgenii Egorov , Roberto Bondesan , Max Welling

Surface codes are a promising method of quantum error correction and the basis of many proposed quantum computation implementations. However, their efficient decoding is still not fully explored. Recently, approaches based on machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computations will be enabled by quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). This work presents the first systematic technique to test the accuracy and effectiveness of different QECC decoding schemes by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Alexandru Paler

A quantum computer needs the assistance of a classical algorithm to detect and identify errors that affect encoded quantum information. At this interface of classical and quantum computing the technique of machine learning has appeared as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-15 P. Baireuther , M. D. Caio , B. Criger , C. W. J. Beenakker , T. E. O'Brien

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

Fast, reliable decoders are pivotal components for enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC). Neural network decoders like AlphaQubit have demonstrated potential, achieving higher accuracy than traditional human-designed decoding…

Quantum computing has the potential to solve problems that are intractable for classical systems, yet the high error rates in contemporary quantum devices often exceed tolerable limits for useful algorithm execution. Quantum Error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Hanrui Wang , Pengyu Liu , Kevin Shao , Dantong Li , Jiaqi Gu , David Z. Pan , Yongshan Ding , Song Han

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computing to mitigate the effect of errors on qubits, and surface code (SC) is one of the most promising QEC methods. Decoding SCs is the most computational expensive task in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Yosuke Ueno , Masaaki Kondo , Masamitsu Tanaka , Yasunari Suzuki , Yutaka Tabuchi

Information obtained from noise characterization of a quantum device can be used in classical decoding algorithms to improve the performance of quantum error-correcting codes. Focusing on the surface code under local (i.e. single-qubit)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Andrew S. Darmawan

Error correction code is a major part of the communication physical layer, ensuring the reliable transfer of data over noisy channels. Recently, neural decoders were shown to outperform classical decoding techniques. However, the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Yoni Choukroun , Lior Wolf

Finding efficient decoders for quantum error correcting codes adapted to realistic experimental noise in fault-tolerant devices represents a significant challenge. In this paper we introduce several decoding algorithms complemented by deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Christopher Chamberland , Pooya Ronagh

Quantum networks serve as the means to transmit information, encoded in quantum bits or qubits, between quantum processors that are physically separated. Given the instability of qubits, the design of such networks is challenging,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-23 Tianjie Hu , Jindi Wu , Qun Li

Fault-tolerant quantum computing demands decoders that are fast, accurate, and adaptable to circuit structure and realistic noise. While machine learning (ML) decoders have demonstrated impressive performance for quantum memory, their use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Andi Gu , Susanne F. Yelin , Mikhail D. Lukin

Surface code error correction offers a highly promising pathway to achieve scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. When operated as stabilizer codes, surface code computations consist of a syndrome decoding step where measured stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-14 Spiro Gicev , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg , Muhammad Usman

Due to the high sensitivity of qubits to environmental noise, which leads to decoherence and information loss, active quantum error correction(QEC) is essential. Surface codes represent one of the most promising fault-tolerant QEC schemes,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Hao Wang , Erjia Xiao , Wenbo Mu , Songhuan He , Zhongyi Ni , Lingfeng Zhang , Xiaokun Zhan , Yifei Cui , Jinguo Liu , Cheng Wang , Zhongrui Wang , Renjing Xu

Surface codes are among the best candidates to ensure the fault-tolerance of a quantum computer. In order to avoid the accumulation of errors during a computation, it is crucial to have at our disposal a fast decoding algorithm to quickly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Nicolas Delfosse , Gilles Zémor

Decoding algorithms based on approximate tensor network contraction have proven tremendously successful in decoding 2D local quantum codes such as surface/toric codes and color codes, effectively achieving optimal decoding accuracy. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Christophe Piveteau , Christopher T. Chubb , Joseph M. Renes

Neural network decoders are becoming essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computations. However, their internal mechanisms are poorly understood, hindering our ability to ensure their reliability and security against adversarial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Jerome Lenssen , Alexandru Paler

Quantum computers require error correction to achieve universal quantum computing. However, current decoding of quantum error-correcting codes relies on classical computation, which is slower than quantum operations in superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Pan Zhang

There has been a rise in decoding quantum error correction codes with neural network based decoders, due to the good decoding performance achieved and adaptability to any noise model. However, the main challenge is scalability to larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever