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Related papers: Unknown Truths and Unknowable Truths

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There are things we know, things we know we don't know, and then there are things we don't know we don't know. In this paper we address the latter two issues in a Bayesian framework, introducing the notion of doubt to quantify the degree of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-11-18 Glenn D Starkman , Roberto Trotta , Pascal M Vaudrevange

Computability logic is a formal theory of (interactive) computability in the same sense as classical logic is a formal theory of truth. This approach was initiated very recently in "Introduction to computability logic" (Annals of Pure and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-04-15 Giorgi Japaridze

The logic of uncertainty is not the logic of experience and as well as it is not the logic of chance. It is the logic of experience and chance. Experience and chance are two inseparable poles. These are two dual reflections of one essence,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-10-03 Oleg Yu Vorobyev

The study of undecidability in problems arising from physics has experienced a renewed interest, mainly in connection with quantum information problems. The goal of this review is to survey this recent development. After a historical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Álvaro Perales-Eceiza , Toby Cubitt , Mile Gu , David Pérez-García , Michael M. Wolf

In recent work, Stalnaker proposes a logical framework in which belief is realized as a weakened form of knowledge. Building on Stalnaker's core insights, and using frameworks developed in previous work by Bjorndahl and Baltag et al., we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Adam Bjorndahl , Aybüke Özgün

What if the paradoxical nature of quantum theory could find its source in some undecidability analog to that of G\"odel's incompleteness theorem ? This essay aims at arguing for such G\"odelian hunch via two case studies. Firstly, using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Hippolyte Dourdent

Some thoughts are presented on the inter-relation between beauty and truth in science in general and theoretical physics in particular. Some conjectural procedures that can be used to create new ideas, concepts and results are illustrated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Constantino Tsallis

Though the truths of logic and pure mathematics are objective and independent of any contingent facts or laws of nature, our knowledge of these truths depends entirely on our knowledge of the laws of physics. Recent progress in the quantum…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David Deutsch , Artur Ekert , Rossella Lupacchini

A sketch of some of the fundamental notions related to the nature of knowledge is offered, with special focus on the role of mathematics and my own opinions. No single idea exposed here is entirely original; indeed, this topic has been…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Daniel Canarutto

One of quantum theory's salient features is its apparent indeterminism, i.e. measurement outcomes are typically probabilistic. We formally define and address whether this uncertainty is unavoidable or whether post-quantum theories can offer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Johannes Fankhauser

After the tremendous advances of deep learning and other AI methods, more attention is flowing into other properties of modern approaches, such as interpretability, fairness, etc. combined in frameworks like Responsible AI. Two research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Dominik Seuß

These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-09-08 Ariel Caticha

In recent work, Stalnaker proposes a logical framework in which belief is realized as a weakened form of knowledge. Building on Stalnaker's core insights, and using frameworks developed by Bjorndahl and Baltag et al., we employ topological…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Adam Bjorndahl , Aybüke Özgün

The class of defeasible logics is only vaguely defined -- it is defined by a few exemplars and the general idea of efficient reasoning with defeasible rules. The recent definition of the defeasible logic $DL(\partial_{||})$ introduced new…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Michael J. Maher

The ideas of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty are widely used to reason about the probabilistic predictions of machine-learning models. We identify incoherence in existing discussions of these ideas and suggest this stems from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Freddie Bickford Smith , Jannik Kossen , Eleanor Trollope , Mark van der Wilk , Adam Foster , Tom Rainforth

Recent technological advances have led to unprecedented amounts of generated data that originate from the Web, sensor networks and social media. Analytics in terms of defeasible reasoning - for example for decision making - could provide…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Michael J. Maher , Ilias Tachmazidis , Grigoris Antoniou , Stephen Wade , Long Cheng

Expectation is a central notion in probability theory. The notion of expectation also makes sense for other notions of uncertainty. We introduce a propositional logic for reasoning about expectation, where the semantics depends on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

The four-valued semantics of Belnap--Dunn logic, consisting of the truth values True, False, Neither, and Both, gives rise to several non-classical logics depending on which feature of propositions we wish to preserve: truth, non-falsity,…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-11-22 Adam Přenosil

We offer a critical assessment of some generic features of various of the current approaches towards the construction of a Theory of Quantum Gravity. We will argue that there is a need for further conceptual clarifications before such an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniel Sudarsky

The concept of informal mathematical proof considered in intuitionism is apparently vulnerable to a version of the liar paradox. However, a careful reevaluation of this concept reveals a subtle error whose correction blocks the…

Logic · Mathematics 2010-04-14 Nik Weaver