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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown unprecedented performance in various real-world applications. However, they are known to generate factually inaccurate outputs, a.k.a. the hallucination problem. In recent years, incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Haochen Liu , Song Wang , Yaochen Zhu , Yushun Dong , Jundong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at language understanding but remain limited in knowledge-intensive domains due to hallucinations, outdated information, and limited explainability. Text-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) helps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Larissa Pusch , Alexandre Courtiol , Tim Conrad

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based question answering (QA) systems play a critical role in modern AI, demonstrating strong performance across various tasks. However, LLM-generated responses often suffer from hallucinations, unfaithful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yuqing Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

The increasing popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in recent years has changed the way users interact with and pose questions to AI-based conversational systems. An essential aspect for increasing the trustworthiness of generated LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Juraj Vladika , Luca Mülln , Florian Matthes

Pre-trained language models (LMs) have become ubiquitous in solving various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. There has been increasing interest in what knowledge these LMs contain and how we can extract that knowledge, treating LMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Mujeen Sung , Jinhyuk Lee , Sean Yi , Minji Jeon , Sungdong Kim , Jaewoo Kang

This paper introduces a novel, multi-source framework for the relational validation of Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing benchmarks have demonstrated LLMs' proficiency at factual recall, their ability to understand and reproduce…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Moses Boudourides

Incorporating factual knowledge into pre-trained language models (PLM) such as BERT is an emerging trend in recent NLP studies. However, most of the existing methods combine the external knowledge integration module with a modified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Yinquan Lu , Haonan Lu , Guirong Fu , Qun Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive results while requiring little or no direct supervision. Further, there is mounting evidence that LLMs may have potential in information-seeking scenarios. We believe the ability of an LLM…

Large language models (LLMs) have been used to generate query expansions augmenting original queries for improving information search. Recent studies also explore providing LLMs with initial retrieval results to generate query expansions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yu Xia , Junda Wu , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Haoliang Wang , Julian McAuley

To tackle the problem of domain-specific knowledge scarcity within large language models (LLMs), knowledge graph-retrievalaugmented method has been proven to be an effective and efficient technique for knowledge infusion. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Zhouyu Jiang , Ling Zhong , Mengshu Sun , Jun Xu , Rui Sun , Hui Cai , Shuhan Luo , Zhiqiang Zhang

As the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) evolves at an accelerated pace, the critical need to assess and monitor their performance emerges. We introduce a benchmarking framework focused on knowledge graph engineering (KGE) accompanied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Lars-Peter Meyer , Johannes Frey , Kurt Junghanns , Felix Brei , Kirill Bulert , Sabine Gründer-Fahrer , Michael Martin

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a promising approach to robust and explainable Question Answering (QA). While LLMs excel at natural language understanding, they suffer from knowledge gaps and hallucinations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jasper Linders , Jakub M. Tomczak

Knowledge Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (KG-RAG) extends the RAG paradigm by incorporating structured knowledge from knowledge graphs, enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform more precise and explainable reasoning. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jing Ren , Bowen Li , Ziqi Xu , Xikun Zhang , Haytham Fayek , Xiaodong Li

Advancements in natural language processing have revolutionized the way we can interact with digital information systems, such as databases, making them more accessible. However, challenges persist, especially when accuracy is critical, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Larissa Pusch , Tim O. F. Conrad

Ensuring factual accuracy while maintaining the creative capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LMAs) poses significant challenges in the development of intelligent agent systems. LMAs face prevalent issues such as information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Diego Sanmartin

Knowledge-enhanced language models (KELMs) have emerged as promising tools to bridge the gap between large-scale language models and domain-specific knowledge. KELMs can achieve higher factual accuracy and mitigate hallucinations by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Alexander Fichtl , Juraj Vladika , Georg Groh

Large language models have become integral to question-answering applications despite their propensity for generating hallucinations and factually inaccurate content. Querying knowledge graphs to reduce hallucinations in LLM meets the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Tong Zhou , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

While hallucinations of large language models could been alleviated through retrieval-augmented generation and citation generation, how the model utilizes internal knowledge is still opaque, and the trustworthiness of its generated answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiajun Shen , Tong Zhou , Yubo Chen , Delai Qiu , Shengping Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet factually incorrect content when used for language generation (a phenomenon often known as hallucination). Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) tries to reduce factual errors by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Dobrik Georgiev , Kheeran Naidu , Alberto Cattaneo , Federico Monti , Carlo Luschi , Daniel Justus

Achieving the right amount of trust in AI systems is important, but challenging. The problem is exacerbated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) as they provide human-level communication capabilities, but potentially hallucinate in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Daan Di Scala , Maaike de Boer , Pınar Yolum