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In this paper, we present a novel method to compute decision rules to build a more accurate interpretable machine learning model, denoted as ExMo. The ExMo interpretable machine learning model consists of a list of IF...THEN... statements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Pradip Mainali , Ismini Psychoula , Fabien A. P. Petitcolas

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and their applications in critical industries such as healthcare, fin-tech and cybersecurity have led to a surge in research in explainability in AI. Innovative research methods are being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aoun E Muhammad , Kin-Choong Yow , Nebojsa Bacanin-Dzakula , Muhammad Attique Khan

Outlier detection has gained increasing interest in recent years, due to newly emerging technologies and the huge amount of high-dimensional data that are now available. Outlier detection can help practitioners to identify unwanted noise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-20 Mads Lindskou , Torben Tvedebrink , Poul Svante Eriksen , Niels Morling

In recent years, deep learning has achieved unprecedented success in various computer vision tasks, particularly in object detection. However, the black-box nature and high complexity of deep neural networks pose significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 FatemehSadat Seyedmomeni , Mohammad Ali Keyvanrad

A high-velocity paradigm shift towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged in recent years. Highly complex Machine Learning (ML) models have flourished in many tasks of intelligence, and the questions have started to shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jacob Dineen , Don Kridel , Daniel Dolk , David Castillo

As deep vision models' popularity rapidly increases, there is a growing emphasis on explanations for model predictions. The inherently explainable attribution method aims to enhance the understanding of model behavior by identifying the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Xianren Zhang , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

The current mainstream and state-of-the-art anomaly detection (AD) methods are substantially established on pretrained feature networks yielded by ImageNet pretraining. However, regardless of supervised or self-supervised pretraining, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Xincheng Yao , Yan Luo , Zefeng Qian , Chongyang Zhang

The inability of deep learning models to handle data drawn from unseen distributions has sparked much interest in unsupervised out-of-distribution (U-OOD) detection, as it is crucial for reliable deep learning models. Despite considerable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Lars Doorenbos , Raphael Sznitman , Pablo Márquez-Neila

Standard methods for anomaly detection assume that all features are observed at both learning time and prediction time. Such methods cannot process data containing missing values. This paper studies five strategies for handling missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Thomas G. Dietterich , Tadesse Zemicheal

Deep anomaly detection models using a supervised mode of learning usually work under a closed set assumption and suffer from overfitting to previously seen rare anomalies at training, which hinders their applicability in a real scenario. In…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-26 Behzad Bozorgtabar , Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Guillaume Vray , Jean-Philippe Thiran

Interpretable Machine Learning (IML) methods are used to gain insight into the relevance of a feature of interest for the performance of a model. Commonly used IML methods differ in whether they consider features of interest in isolation,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-23 Gunnar König , Christoph Molnar , Bernd Bischl , Moritz Grosse-Wentrup

Unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) is critical for a wide range of practical applications, from network security to health and medical tools. Due to the diversity of problems, no single algorithm has been found to be superior for all AD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Małgorzata Gutowska , Suzanne Little , Andrew McCarren

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal traffic of a targeted server, service or network by overwhelming the target or its surrounding infrastructure with a flood of Internet traffic.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Aman Priyanshu , Sarthak Shastri , Sai Sravan Medicherla

Industrial defect detection systems face critical limitations when confined to one-class anomaly detection paradigms, which assume uniform outlier distributions and struggle with data scarcity in real-world manufacturing environments. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Muhammad Aqeel , Federico Leonardi , Francesco Setti

Anomaly detectors are often used to produce a ranked list of statistical anomalies, which are examined by human analysts in order to extract the actual anomalies of interest. Unfortunately, in realworld applications, this process can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Shubhomoy Das , Weng-Keen Wong , Alan Fern , Thomas G. Dietterich , Md Amran Siddiqui

Industrial anomaly detection is crucial for quality control and predictive maintenance, but it presents challenges due to limited training data, diverse anomaly types, and external factors that alter object appearances. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Sukanya Patra , Souhaib Ben Taieb

In this study, we present an interpretable deep learning framework for the early detection of breast cancer using quantitative features extracted from digitized fine needle aspirate (FNA) images of breast masses. Our deep neural network,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bishal Chhetri , B. V. Rathish Kumar

Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation (FSS) models achieve strong performance in segmenting novel classes with minimal labeled examples, yet their decision-making processes remain largely opaque. While explainable AI has advanced significantly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pasquale De Marinis , Uzay Kaymak , Rogier Brussee , Gennaro Vessio , Giovanna Castellano

Recent advancements in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), integrating Explainable AI (XAI) methodologies, have led to notable improvements in system performance via precise feature selection. However, a thorough understanding of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Hao-Ting Pai , Yu-Hsuan Kang , Wen-Cheng Chung

A central issue addressed by the rapidly growing research area of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to provide methods to give explanations for the behaviours of Machine Learning (ML) non-interpretable models after the training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Andrea Apicella , Salvatore Giugliano , Francesco Isgrò , Roberto Prevete
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