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What is the difference between goal-directed and habitual behavior? We propose a novel computational framework of decision making with Bayesian inference, in which everything is integrated as an entire neural network model. The model learns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya , Jun Tani

This work presents a novel fault-tolerant control scheme based on active inference. Specifically, a new formulation of active inference which, unlike previous solutions, provides unbiased state estimation and simplifies the definition of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Mohamed Baioumy , Corrado Pezzato , Riccardo Ferrari , Carlos Hernandez Corbato , Nick Hawes

To enable autonomous driving in interactive traffic scenarios, various model predictive control (MPC) formulations have been proposed, each employing different interaction models. While higher-fidelity models enable more intelligent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shuhao Qi , Qiling Aori , Luyao Zhang , Mircea Lazar , Sofie Haesaert

The assumption that action and perception can be investigated independently is entrenched in theories, models and experimental approaches across the brain and mind sciences. In cognitive science, this has been a central point of contention…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-10 Manuel Baltieri , Christopher L. Buckley

Despite growing interest in active inference for robotic control, its application to complex, long-horizon tasks remains untested. We address this gap by introducing a fully hierarchical active inference architecture for goal-directed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Corrado Pezzato , Ozan Çatal , Toon Van de Maele , Riddhi J. Pitliya , Tim Verbelen

Evidence-based decision-making entails collecting (costly) observations about an underlying phenomenon of interest, and subsequently committing to an (informed) decision on the basis of accumulated evidence. In this setting, active sensing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-26 Daniel Jarrett , Mihaela van der Schaar

Traffic scenarios are inherently interactive. Multiple decision-makers predict the actions of others and choose strategies that maximize their rewards. We view these interactions from the perspective of game theory which introduces various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Christian Muench , Frans A. Oliehoek , Dariu M. Gavrila

Active inference is a unifying theory for perception and action resting upon the idea that the brain maintains an internal model of the world by minimizing free energy. From a behavioral perspective, active inference agents can be seen as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Pietro Mazzaglia , Tim Verbelen , Bart Dhoedt

Soft and active condensed matter represent a class of fascinating materials that we encounter in our everyday lives -- and constitute life itself. Control signals interact with the dynamics of these systems, and this influence is formalized…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-04-14 José Alvarado , Erin Teich , David Sivak , John Bechhoefer

Active inference, a corollary of the free energy principle, is a formal way of describing the behavior of certain kinds of random dynamical systems that have the appearance of sentience. In this chapter, we describe how active inference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-11 Noor Sajid , Lancelot Da Costa , Thomas Parr , Karl Friston

The growing interest in brain-inspired computational models arises from the remarkable problem-solving efficiency of the human brain. Action recognition, a complex task in computational neuroscience, has received significant attention due…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Alireza Nadafian , Milad Mozafari , Timothée Masquelier , Mohammad Ganjtabesh

Recent advances in theoretical biology suggest that basal cognition and sentient behaviour are emergent properties of in vitro cell cultures and neuronal networks, respectively. Such neuronal networks spontaneously learn structured…

In this work we present a general machine learning based scheme to optimize experimental control. The method utilizes the neural network to learn the relation between the control parameters and the control goal, with which the optimal…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-11-03 Yadong Wu , Zengming Meng , Kai Wen , Chengdong Mi , Jing Zhang , Hui Zhai

Active inference is a process theory of the brain that states that all living organisms infer actions in order to minimize their (expected) free energy. However, current experiments are limited to predefined, often discrete, state spaces.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Ozan Çatal , Tim Verbelen , Johannes Nauta , Cedric De Boom , Bart Dhoedt

Active inference is a mathematical framework for understanding how agents (biological or artificial) interact with their environments, enabling continual adaptation and decision-making. It combines Bayesian inference and free energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Rithvik Prakki

We introduce three concepts that describe an agent's incentives: response incentives indicate which variables in the environment, such as sensitive demographic information, affect the decision under the optimal policy. Instrumental control…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Ryan Carey , Eric Langlois , Chris van Merwijk , Shane Legg , Tom Everitt

It is doubtful that animals have perfect inverse models of their limbs (e.g., what muscle contraction must be applied to every joint to reach a particular location in space). However, in robot control, moving an arm's end-effector to a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Justus Huebotter , Serge Thill , Marcel van Gerven , Pablo Lanillos

Active Inference is an emerging framework providing a quantitative account of behavioral processes in neuroscience and a principled approach to decision-making under uncertainty. Its application to agency problems is natural, offering an…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Francesco Maria Mancinelli , Matteo Torzoni , Domenico Maisto , Francesco Donnarumma , Alberto Corigliano , Giovanni Pezzulo , Andrea Manzoni

There are various models proposed on how knowledge is generated in the human brain including the semantic networks model. Although this model has been widely studied and even computational models are presented, but, due to various limits…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jamshid Ghasimi , Nazanin Movarraei

In psychology and neuroscience it is common to describe cognitive systems as input/output devices where perceptual and motor functions are implemented in a purely feedforward, open-loop fashion. On this view, perception and action are often…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-10 Manuel Baltieri , Christopher L. Buckley