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We consider the class of inverse probability weight (IPW) estimators, including the popular Horvitz-Thompson and Hajek estimators used routinely in survey sampling, causal inference and evidence estimation for Bayesian computation. We focus…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-15 Jyotishka Datta , Nicholas Polson

Unbiased Learning to Rank (ULTR) that learns to rank documents with biased user feedback data is a well-known challenge in information retrieval. Existing methods in unbiased learning to rank typically rely on click modeling or inverse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Dan Luo , Lixin Zou , Qingyao Ai , Zhiyu Chen , Dawei Yin , Brian D. Davison

There has been a recent surge in statistical methods for handling the lack of adequate positivity when using inverse probability weights (IPW). However, these nascent developments have raised a number of questions. Thus, we demonstrate the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-05 Roland A. Matsouaka , Yi Liu , Yunji Zhou

While the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) is a commonly used approach for treatment comparisons in observational data, the resulting estimates may be subject to bias and excessively large variance when there is lack of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-13 Zhiqiang Cao , Lama Ghazi , Claudia Mastrogiacomo , Laura Forastiere , F. Perry Wilson , Fan Li

In this article we study the problem of recovering the unknown solution of a linear ill-posed problem, via iterative regularization methods. We review the problem of projection-regularization from a statistical point of view. A basic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Ana K. Fermin , Carenne Ludena

The standard quantile regression model assumes a linear relationship at the quantile of interest and that all variables are observed. We relax these assumptions by considering a partial linear model while allowing for missing linear…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-07 Ben Sherwood

Statistical inference with non-probability survey samples is an emerging topic in survey sampling and official statistics and has gained increased attention from researchers and practitioners in the field. Much of the existing literature,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-07 Yang Liu , Meng Yuan , Pengfei Li , Changbao Wu

A two-class mixture model, where the density of one of the components is known, is considered. We address the issue of the nonparametric adaptive estimation of the unknown probability density of the second component. We propose a randomly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-08 Gaelle Chagny , Antoine Channarond , Van Ha Hoang , Angelina Roche

Propensity score methods are widely used for estimating treatment effects from observational studies. A popular approach is to estimate propensity scores by maximum likelihood based on logistic regression, and then apply inverse probability…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-24 Zhiqiang Tan

Two-phase designs measure variables of interest on a subcohort where the outcome and covariates are readily available or cheap to collect on all individuals in the cohort. Given limited resource availability, it is of interest to find an…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-11 Tong Chen , Thomas Lumley

We present a novel framework for estimation and inference with the broad class of universal approximators. Estimation is based on the decomposition of model predictions into Shapley values. Inference relies on analyzing the bias and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-06 Andreas Joseph

Estimating the mean counterfactual outcome under a treatment rule is a central problem in causal inference and policy evaluation. Standard estimators, including inverse probability weighting (IPW), augmented IPW (AIPW), and targeted maximum…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-06 Yichen Xu , Mark J. van der Laan

This article introduces a new estimator of average treatment effects under unobserved confounding in modern data-rich environments featuring large numbers of units and outcomes. The proposed estimator is doubly robust, combining outcome…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-10-30 Alberto Abadie , Anish Agarwal , Raaz Dwivedi , Abhin Shah

Many data mining and data analysis techniques operate on dense matrices or complete tables of data. Real-world data sets, however, often contain unknown values. Even many classification algorithms that are designed to operate with missing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-12-20 Michael S. Gashler , Michael R. Smith , Richard Morris , Tony Martinez

Online learning updates models incrementally with new data, avoiding large storage requirements and costly model recalculations. In this paper, we introduce "OLR-WA; OnLine Regression with Weighted Average", a novel and versatile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Mohammad Abu-Shaira , Alejandro Rodriguez , Greg Speegle , Victor Sheng , Ishfaq Ahmad

Estimation of the average treatment effect (ATE) is a central problem in causal inference. In recent times, inference for the ATE in the presence of high-dimensional covariates has been extensively studied. Among the diverse approaches that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Kuanhao Jiang , Rajarshi Mukherjee , Subhabrata Sen , Pragya Sur

Recommender systems often suffer from selection bias as users tend to rate their preferred items. The datasets collected under such conditions exhibit entries missing not at random and thus are not randomized-controlled trials representing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wonbin Kweon , Hwanjo Yu

Propensity score (PS) weighting methods are often used in non-randomized studies to adjust for confounding and assess treatment effects. The most popular among them, the inverse probability weighting (IPW), assigns weights that are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-04 Yunji Zhou , Roland A. Matsouaka , Laine Thomas

In this work, we adopt a general framework based on the Gibbs posterior to update belief distributions for inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The Gibbs posterior formulation is a generalization of standard…

Computation · Statistics 2019-07-04 Zilong Zou , Sayan Mukherjee , Harbir Antil , Wilkins Aquino

Streaming data often exhibit heterogeneity due to heteroscedastic variances or inhomogeneous covariate effects. Online renewable quantile and expectile regression methods provide valuable tools for detecting such heteroscedasticity by…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-27 Wei Cao , Shanshan Wanga , Xiaoxue Hua