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We propose a two-step estimating procedure for generalized additive partially linear models with clustered data using estimating equations. Our proposed method applies to the case that the number of observations per cluster is allowed to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-02-20 Shujie Ma

Missing data is frequently encountered in many areas of statistics. Propensity score weighting is a popular method for handling missing data. The propensity score method employs a response propensity model, but correct specification of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-28 Hengfang Wang , Jae Kwang Kim , Jeongseop Han , Youngjo Lee

Weighted Updating generalizes Bayesian updating, allowing for biased beliefs by weighting the likelihood function and prior distribution with positive real exponents. I provide a rigorous foundation for the model by showing that…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-02-09 Jesse Aaron Zinn

Many epidemiologic studies forgo probability sampling and turn to nonprobability volunteer-based samples because of cost, response burden, and invasiveness of biological samples. However, finite population inference is difficult to make…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-01 Lingxiao Wang , Richard Valliant , Yan Li

Inverse weighting with an estimated propensity score is widely used by estimation methods in causal inference to adjust for confounding bias. However, directly inverting propensity score estimates can lead to instability, bias, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-11 Lars van der Laan , Ziming Lin , Marco Carone , Alex Luedtke

The research in this paper gives a systematic investigation on the asymptotic behaviours of four inverse probability weighting (IPW)-based estimators for conditional average treatment effect, with nonparametrically, semiparametrically,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-24 Niwen Zhou , Lixing Zhu

In this paper, we propose an empirical likelihood-based weighted estimator of regression parameter in quantile regression model with nonignorable missing covariates. The proposed estimator is computationally simple and achieves…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-10 Xiaohui Yuan , Xiaogang Dong

Most existing unbiased learning-to-rank (ULTR) approaches are based on the user examination hypothesis, which assumes that users will click a result only if it is both relevant and observed (typically modeled by position). However, in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Lulu Yu , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Shihao Liu , Dawei Yin , Xueqi Cheng

Generalized additive models have been popular among statisticians and data analysts in multivariate nonparametric regression with non-Gaussian responses including binary and count data. In this paper, a new likelihood approach for fitting…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Kyusang Yu , Byeong U. Park , Enno Mammen

Off-policy learning, referring to the procedure of policy optimization with access only to logged feedback data, has shown importance in various real-world applications, such as search engines, recommender systems, and etc. While the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xiaoying Zhang , Junpu Chen , Hongning Wang , Hong Xie , Yang Liu , John C. S. Lui , Hang Li

We propose a general approach to construct weighted likelihood estimating equations with the aim of obtaining robust parameter estimates. We modify the standard likelihood equations by incorporating a weight that reflects the statistical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Claudio Agostinelli , Ayanendranath Basu , Giulia Bertagnolli , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla

Selection bias can hinder accurate estimation of association parameters in binary disease risk models using non-probability samples like electronic health records (EHRs). The issue is compounded when participants are recruited from multiple…

A key methodological challenge in observational studies with interference between units is twofold: (1) each unit's outcome may depend on many others' treatments, and (2) treatment assignments may exhibit complex dependencies across units.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-17 Souhardya Sengupta , Kosuke Imai , Georgia Papadogeorgou

We propose an iterative estimating equations procedure for analysis of longitudinal data. We show that, under very mild conditions, the probability that the procedure converges at an exponential rate tends to one as the sample size…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-12-18 Jiming Jiang , Yihui Luan , You-Gan Wang

We study offline recommender learning from explicit rating feedback in the presence of selection bias. A current promising solution for the bias is the inverse propensity score (IPS) estimation. However, the performance of existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-22 Yuta Saito , Masahiro Nomura

In this paper, I try to tame "Basu's elephants" (data with extreme selection on observables). I propose new practical large-sample and finite-sample methods for estimating and inferring heterogeneous causal effects (under unconfoundedness)…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-20 Ganesh Karapakula

Currently, there is renewed interest in the problem, raised by Shafer in 1985, of updating probabilities when observations are incomplete. This is a fundamental problem in general, and of particular interest for Bayesian networks. Recently,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gert de Cooman , Marco Zaffalon

The use of non-probability data sources for statistical purposes and for official statistics has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, statistical inference based on non-probability samples is made more difficult by nature…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-10 Maciej Beręsewicz , Marcin Szymkowiak , Piotr Chlebicki

Using offline observational data for policy evaluation and learning allows decision-makers to evaluate and learn a policy that connects characteristics and interventions. Most existing literature has focused on either discrete treatment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Cheuk Hang Leung , Yiyan Huang , Yijun Li , Qi Wu

This paper develops a practical framework for using observational data to audit the consumer surplus effects of AI-driven decisions, specifically in targeted pricing and algorithmic lending. Traditional approaches first estimate demand…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Zeyu Bian , Max Biggs , Ruijiang Gao , Zhengling Qi