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This paper is concerned with the optimal number of redundant allocation to $n$-component coherent systems consist of heterogeneous dependent components. We assume that the system is built of $L$ groups of different components, $L\geq 1$,…
Precedence order is a natural type of comparison for random variables in numerous engineering applications (e.g., for the stress-strength modeling). In this note, we show that, for a $k$-out-of-$n$ system, redundancy at the component level…
Degeneracy is the ability of structurally different elements to perform the same function or yield the same output under certain constraints. In contrast to redundancy, which implies identical backups, degeneracy allows diverse components…
While automated driving is often advertised with better-than-human driving performance, this work reviews that it is nearly impossible to provide direct statistical evidence on the system level that this is actually the case. The amount of…
In this paper, we present a novel framework for data redundancy measurement based on probabilistic modeling of datasets, and a new criterion for redundancy detection that is resilient to noise. We also develop new methods for data…
Concepts used in the scientific study of complex systems have become so widespread that their use and abuse has led to ambiguity and confusion in their meaning. In this paper we use information theory to provide abstract and concise…
We discuss the construction of component importance measures for binary coherent reliability systems from known stochastic dependence measures by measuring the dependence between system and component failures. We treat both the…
Robustness of a distributed computing system is defined as the ability to maintain its performance in the presence of uncertain parameters. Uncertainty is a key problem in heterogeneous (and even homogeneous) distributed computing systems…
A common problem in risk analysis is to characterize the overall security of a system of valuable assets (e.g., government buildings or communication hubs), and to suggest measures to mitigate any hazards or security threats. Currently,…
LLM-based agents have demonstrated strong capabilities in solving complex tasks through multi-step reasoning and tool use. However, existing evaluation protocols primarily focus on task success, overlooking a critical aspect of agent…
Higher-order information theory has become a rapidly growing toolkit in computational neuroscience, motivated by the idea that multivariate dependencies can reveal aspects of neural computation and communication that are invisible to…
Fairness is an emerging and challenging topic in recommender systems. In recent years, various ways of evaluating and therefore improving fairness have emerged. In this study, we examine existing evaluation measures of fairness in…
We introduce an information-theoretic method for quantifying causality in chaotic systems. The approach, referred to as IT-causality, quantifies causality by measuring the information gained about future events conditioned on the knowledge…
Rigidity theory enables us to specify the conditions of unique localizability in the cooperative localization problem of wireless sensor networks. This paper presents a combinatorial rigidity approach to measure (i) generic rigidity and…
Sustainability and resilience of urban systems are multifaceted concepts, requiring information about multiple system attributes to adequately evaluate and characterize. However, despite the scientific consensus on the multivariate nature…
This special volume of Statistical Sciences presents some innovative, if not provocative, ideas in the area of reliability, or perhaps more appropriately named, integrated system assessment. In this age of exponential growth in science,…
Redundancy is a fundamental characteristic of many biological processes such as those in the genetic, visual, muscular and nervous system; yet its function has not been fully understood. The conventional interpretation of redundancy is that…
Inequality measures provide a valuable tool for the analysis, comparison, and optimization based on system models. This work studies the relation between attributes or features of an individual to understand how redundant, unique, and…
Redundancy matrices provide insights into the load carrying behavior of statically indeterminate structures. This information can be employed for the design and analysis of structures with regard to certain objectives, for example…
Inter-rater reliability (IRR), which is a prerequisite of high-quality ratings and assessments, may be affected by contextual variables such as the rater's or ratee's gender, major, or experience. Identification of such heterogeneity…