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The task of inferring high-level causal variables from low-level observations, commonly referred to as causal representation learning, is fundamentally underconstrained. As such, recent works to address this problem focus on various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-26 Simon Bing , Urmi Ninad , Jonas Wahl , Jakob Runge

Artificial Intelligence has the capacity to amplify and perpetuate societal biases and presents profound ethical implications for society. Gender bias has been identified in the context of employment advertising and recruitment tools, due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Susan Leavy , Gerardine Meaney , Karen Wade , Derek Greene

Although many fairness criteria have been proposed to ensure that machine learning algorithms do not exhibit or amplify our existing social biases, these algorithms are trained on datasets that can themselves be statistically biased. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Yiqiao Liao , Parinaz Naghizadeh

A key value proposition of machine learning is generalizability: the same methods and model architecture should be able to work across different domains and different contexts. While powerful, this generalization can sometimes go too far,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Angelina Wang

When the target of statistical inference is chosen in a data-driven manner, the guarantees provided by classical theories vanish. We propose a solution to the problem of inference after selection by building on the framework of algorithmic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Tijana Zrnic , Michael I. Jordan

We introduce a novel framework for human-AI collaboration in prediction and decision tasks. Our approach leverages human judgment to distinguish inputs which are algorithmically indistinguishable, or "look the same" to any feasible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Rohan Alur , Loren Laine , Darrick K. Li , Dennis Shung , Manish Raghavan , Devavrat Shah

Explicit and implicit bias clouds human judgement, leading to discriminatory treatment of minority groups. A fundamental goal of algorithmic fairness is to avoid the pitfalls in human judgement by learning policies that improve the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yuzi He , Keith Burghardt , Siyi Guo , Kristina Lerman

This thesis scrutinizes common assumptions underlying traditional machine learning approaches to fairness in consequential decision making. After challenging the validity of these assumptions in real-world applications, we propose ways to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Niki Kilbertus

Inference is the process of using facts we know to learn about facts we do not know. A theory of inference gives assumptions necessary to get from the former to the latter, along with a definition for and summary of the resulting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Beau Coker , Cynthia Rudin , Gary King

Bipartite experiments arise in various fields, in which the treatments are randomized over one set of units, while the outcomes are measured over another separate set of units. However, existing methods often rely on strong model…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-16 Sizhu Lu , Lei Shi , Yue Fang , Wenxin Zhang , Peng Ding

Machine learning algorithms are extensively used to make increasingly more consequential decisions about people, so achieving optimal predictive performance can no longer be the only focus. A particularly important consideration is fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Giulio Morina , Viktoriia Oliinyk , Julian Waton , Ines Marusic , Konstantinos Georgatzis

As algorithmic prediction systems have become widespread, fears that these systems may inadvertently discriminate against members of underrepresented populations have grown. With the goal of understanding fundamental principles that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Sumegha Garg , Michael P. Kim , Omer Reingold

Computer-aided decision making--where a human decision-maker is aided by a computational classifier in making a decision--is becoming increasingly prevalent. For instance, judges in at least nine states make use of algorithmic tools meant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Andrew Morgan , Rafael Pass

We address the problem of integrating data from multiple, possibly biased, observational and interventional studies, to eventually compute counterfactuals in structural causal models. We start from the case of a single observational dataset…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Marco Zaffalon , Alessandro Antonucci , David Huber , Rafael Cabañas

This article is a sequel to our earlier work [25]. The main objective of our research is to explore the potential of supervised machine learning in face-induced social computing and cognition, riding on the momentum of much heralded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-26 Xiaolin Wu , Xi Zhang , Chang Liu

The way that people make choices or exhibit preferences can be strongly affected by the set of available alternatives, often called the choice set. Furthermore, there are usually heterogeneous preferences, either at an individual level…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Kiran Tomlinson , Austin R. Benson

Machine learning models are extensively being used to make decisions that have a significant impact on human life. These models are trained over historical data that may contain information about sensitive attributes such as race, sex,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Ramanujam Madhavan , Mohit Wadhwa

Why do biased predictions arise? What interventions can prevent them? We evaluate 8.2 million algorithmic predictions of math performance from $\approx$400 AI engineers, each of whom developed an algorithm under a randomly assigned…

General Economics · Economics 2020-12-07 Bo Cowgill , Fabrizio Dell'Acqua , Samuel Deng , Daniel Hsu , Nakul Verma , Augustin Chaintreau

The majority of the statisticians concluded many decades ago that fiducial inference was nonsensical to them. Hannig et al. (2016) and others have, however, contributed to a renewed interest and focus. Fiducial inference is similar to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-15 G. Taraldsen , B. H. Lindquist

This manuscript studies a general approach to construct confidence sets for the solution of stochastic optimization, rendering empirical risk minimization as special cases. Statistical inference for stochastic optimization poses significant…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Kenta Takatsu , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla