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Extraction of multiple quasinormal modes from ringdown gravitational waves emitted from a binary black hole coalescence is a touchstone to test whether a remnant black hole is described by the Kerr spacetime in general relativity. However,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-13 Kazuto Takahashi , Hayato Motohashi

Higher-order gravitational wave modes from quasi-circular, spinning, non-precessing binary black hole mergers encode key information about these systems' nonlinear dynamics. We model these waveforms using transformer architectures,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Victoria Tiki , Kiet Pham , Eliu Huerta

In the aftermath of a binary black hole merger event, the gravitational wave signal emitted by the remnant black hole is modeled as a superposition of damped sinusoids known as quasinormal modes. While the dominant quasinormal modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-18 Sophia Yi , Adrien Kuntz , Enrico Barausse , Emanuele Berti , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Konstantinos Kritos , Andrea Maselli

Black hole spectroscopy is the proposal to observe multiple quasinormal modes in the ringdown of a binary black hole merger. In addition to the fundamental quadrupolar mode, overtones and higher harmonics may be present and detectable in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-14 Iara Ota , Cecilia Chirenti

The post-merger signal in binary black hole merger is described by linear, black-hole perturbation theory. Historically, this has been modeled using the dominant positive-frequency (corotating) fundamental mode. Recently, there has been a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-26 Arnab Dhani

It is expected that all astrophysical black holes in equilibrium are well described by the Kerr solution. Moreover, any black hole far away from equilibrium, such as one initially formed in a compact binary merger or by the collapse of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-14 Pierre Mourier , Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Daniel Pook-Kolb , Badri Krishnan , Erik Schnetter

Gravitational waves emitted in the aftermath of a black hole binary coalescence have characteristic complex frequencies called quasinormal modes (QNMs). These can be used to test the nature of the merger remnant, e.g. a test of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-09 Arnab Dhani , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Perturbed Kerr black holes emit gravitational radiation, which (for the practical purposes of gravitational-wave astronomy) consists of a superposition of damped sinusoids termed quasi-normal modes. The frequencies and time-constants of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Ioannis Kamaretsos , Mark Hannam , Sascha Husa , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Using high-accuracy numerical relativity waveforms, we confirm the presence of numerous overtones of the $\ell=2$, $m=2$ quasinormal mode early in the ringdown of binary black hole mergers. We do this by demonstrating the stability of the…

The ringdown phase of the binary black hole (BBH) merger provides a clean and direct probe of strong-field gravity and tests of the nature of black holes. The quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies in modified gravity theories, as well as their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-02 Zexin Hu , Daniela D. Doneva , Ziming Wang , Vasileios Paschalidis , Gabriele Bozzola , Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev , Lijing Shao

The gravitational waves emitted by a perturbed black hole ringing down are well described by damped sinusoids, whose frequencies are those of quasinormal modes. Typically, first-order black hole perturbation theory is used to calculate…

In recent work, we examined how different modes in the ringdown phase of a binary coalescence are excited as a function of the final plunge geometry. At least in the large mass ratio limit, we found a clean mapping between angles describing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-29 Halston Lim , Gaurav Khanna , Scott A. Hughes

Accurate modeling of gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers is essential for extracting their rich physics. A key detail for understanding the physics of mergers is predicting the precise time when the amplitude of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-17 Anuj Kankani , Sean T. McWilliams

While black hole perturbation theory predicts a rich quasi-normal mode structure, technical challenges have limited the numerical study of excitations to the fundamental, lowest order modes caused by the coalescence of black holes. Here, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-22 Lionel London , James Healy , Deirdre Shoemaker

We present a new method to search for gravitational waves from quasinormal modes in the ringdowns of the remnants of the mergers of the binary black hole systems. The method is based on maximum likelihood estimation. We derive a time-domain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-28 A. Królak , O. Dorosh

We investigate quadratic quasinormal mode coupling in black hole spacetime through numerical simulations of single perturbed black holes using both numerical relativity and second-order black hole perturbation theory. Focusing on the…

The black hole uniqueness and the no-hair theorems imply that the quasinormal spectrum of any astrophysical black hole is determined solely by its mass and spin. The countably infinite number of quasinormal modes of a Kerr black hole are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-31 Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Swetha Bhagwat , Paolo Pani , Valeria Ferrari

The coalescence of two black holes generates gravitational waves that carry detailed information about the properties of those black holes and their binary configuration. The final coalescence cycles are in the form of a {\it ringdown}: a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-11-18 Scott A. Hughes , Anuj Apte , Gaurav Khanna , Halston Lim

The spectroscopic study of black hole quasinormal modes in gravitational-wave ringdown observations is hindered by our ignorance of which modes should dominate astrophysical signals for different binary configurations, limiting tests of…

We discuss simple integration methods for the calculation of rotating black hole scattering resonances both in the complex frequency plane (quasinormal modes) and the complex angular momentum plane (Regge poles). Our numerical schemes are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 K. Glampedakis , N. Andersson