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Recent studies have uncovered a troubling vulnerability in the fine-tuning stage of large language models (LLMs): even fine-tuning on entirely benign datasets can lead to a significant increase in the harmfulness of LLM outputs. Building on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zihan Guan , Mengxuan Hu , Ronghang Zhu , Sheng Li , Anil Vullikanti

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to handle massive context windows, achieving surgical feature-level interpretation is essential for high-stakes tasks like legal auditing and code debugging. However, existing local model-agnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Junhao Liu , Haonan Yu , Zhenyu Yan , Xin Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning and text generation. However, these models can inadvertently generate unsafe or biased responses when prompted with problematic inputs, raising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Avinash Amballa , Durga Sandeep Saluru , Gayathri Akkinapalli , Abhishek Sureddy , Akshay Kumar Sureddy

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive results on natural language tasks, and security researchers are beginning to employ them in both offensive and defensive systems. In cyber-security, there have been multiple research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jiacen Xu , Jack W. Stokes , Geoff McDonald , Xuesong Bai , David Marshall , Siyue Wang , Adith Swaminathan , Zhou Li

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is a popular class of techniques that strive to adapt large models in a scalable and resource-efficient manner. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their training performance and generalization remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zahra Rahimi Afzal , Tara Esmaeilbeig , Mojtaba Soltanalian , Mesrob I. Ohannessian

SpeechLLMs are increasingly deployed in professional settings where domain customisation is standard practice: users supply context in prompts with sensitive information, fine-tune on proprietary recordings, or both. We identify and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Maike Züfle , Jan Niehues

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) enables efficient adaptation of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to specific tasks. By tuning only a minimal set of (extra) parameters, PEFT achieves performance that is comparable to standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Lauren Hong , Ting Wang

As large language models are increasingly deployed in sensitive environments, fingerprinting attacks pose significant privacy and security risks. We present a study of LLM fingerprinting from both offensive and defensive perspectives. Our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Kevin Kurian , Ethan Holland , Sean Oesch

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted for complex scientific text generation tasks, yet they often suffer from limitations in accuracy, consistency, and hallucination control. This thesis introduces a Parameter-Efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Daniil Sulimov

Performance prediction is a method to estimate the performance of Language Models (LMs) on various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, mitigating computational costs associated with model capacity and data for fine-tuning. Our paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 David Anugraha , Genta Indra Winata , Chenyue Li , Patrick Amadeus Irawan , En-Shiun Annie Lee

Prompt tuning (PT) is a promising parameter-efficient method to utilize extremely large pre-trained language models (PLMs), which can achieve comparable performance to full-parameter fine-tuning by only tuning a few soft prompts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yusheng Su , Xiaozhi Wang , Yujia Qin , Chi-Min Chan , Yankai Lin , Huadong Wang , Kaiyue Wen , Zhiyuan Liu , Peng Li , Juanzi Li , Lei Hou , Maosong Sun , Jie Zhou

When using supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt large language models (LLMs) to specific domains, a significant challenge arises: should we use the entire SFT dataset for fine-tuning? Common practice often involves fine-tuning directly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Peng Wang , Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks despite their impressive capabilities. Investigating these weaknesses is crucial for robust safety mechanisms. Existing attacks primarily distract LLMs by introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Peng Ding , Jun Kuang , Wen Sun , Zongyu Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Despite rapid advancements in text-to-image (T2I) models, their safety mechanisms are vulnerable to adversarial prompts, which maliciously generate unsafe images. Current red-teaming methods for proactively assessing such vulnerabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yufan Liu , Wanqian Zhang , Huashan Chen , Lin Wang , Xiaojun Jia , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang

Large language models (LLMs) can often be made to behave in undesirable ways that they are explicitly fine-tuned not to. For example, the LLM red-teaming literature has produced a wide variety of 'jailbreaking' techniques to elicit harmful…

Adversarial attacks have threatened the application of deep neural networks in security-sensitive scenarios. Most existing black-box attacks fool the target model by interacting with it many times and producing global perturbations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Tao Xiang , Hangcheng Liu , Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofeng Liao

A common challenge towards the adaptability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is their ability to learn new languages over time without hampering the model's performance on languages in which the model is already proficient (usually English).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Sankarshan Damle , Navin Goyal , Satya Lokam , Sunayana Sitaram

Large language models have drawn significant attention to the challenge of safe alignment, especially regarding jailbreak attacks that circumvent security measures to produce harmful content. To address the limitations of existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hanqing Liu , Lifeng Zhou , Huanqian Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated significant potential in time series forecasting, offering impressive capabilities in handling complex temporal data. However, their robustness and reliability in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Fuqiang Liu , Sicong Jiang , Luis Miranda-Moreno , Seongjin Choi , Lijun Sun

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly adapted to downstream tasks through fine-tuning, but fine-tuning data often contains sensitive information that may be leaked by the resulting model. Differential privacy (DP) offers formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haichao Sha , Zihao Wang , Yuncheng Wu , Hong Chen , Wei Dong