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Related papers: Trustworthy Formal Natural Language Specifications

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Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

Effectively translating between natural language (NL) and formal logics like Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) requires expertise that limits formal verification's reach in safety-critical development. Template-based approaches sacrifice…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Paapa Kwesi Quansah , Ernest Bonnah

We study the generalization abilities of language models when translating natural language into formal specifications with complex semantics. In particular, we fine-tune language models on three datasets consisting of English sentences and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Christopher Hahn , Frederik Schmitt , Julia J. Tillman , Niklas Metzger , Julian Siber , Bernd Finkbeiner

Formal theorem proving with TLA+ provides rigorous guarantees for system specifications, but constructing proofs requires substantial expertise and effort. While large language models have shown promise in automating proofs for tactic-based…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhao Zhou , Stavros Tripakis

Autoformalization aims to convert informal mathematical proofs into machine-verifiable formats, bridging the gap between natural and formal languages. However, ensuring semantic alignment between the informal and formalized statements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jianqiao Lu , Yingjia Wan , Yinya Huang , Jing Xiong , Zhengying Liu , Zhijiang Guo

We present FormalProofBench, a private benchmark designed to evaluate whether AI models can produce formally verified mathematical proofs at the graduate level. Each task pairs a natural-language problem with a Lean~4 formal statement, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Nikil Ravi , Kexing Ying , Vasilii Nesterov , Rayan Krishnan , Elif Uskuplu , Bingyu Xia , Janitha Aswedige , Langston Nashold

Testing has become an indispensable activity of software development, yet writing good and relevant tests remains a quite challenging task. One well-known problem is that it often is impossible or unrealistic to test for every outcome, as…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-18 Dimitri Racordon , Didier Buchs

AI agents have shown initial promise in automating mathematical theorem proving in proof assistants such as Lean. The same proof assistants can be used to verify the correctness of code by pairing code with specifications and proofs that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Evan Lohn , Sean Welleck

Description Logics (DLs) are a family of languages used for the representation and reasoning on the knowledge of an application domain, in a structured and formal manner. In order to achieve this objective, several provers, such as RACER…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-08-01 Mohamed Chaabani , Mohamed Mezghiche , Martin Strecker

Formally verifying properties of software code has been a highly desirable task, especially with the emergence of LLM-generated code. In the same vein, they provide an interesting avenue for the exploration of formal verification and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Balaji Rao , William Eiers , Carlo Lipizzi

Formal deductive systems are very common in computer science. They are used to represent logics, programming languages, and security systems. Moreover, writing programs that manipulate them and that reason about them is important and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Francisco Ferreira Ruiz

We introduce Prove-It, a Python-based general-purpose interactive theorem-proving assistant designed with the goal of making formal theorem proving as easy and natural as informal theorem proving (with moderate training). Prove-It uses a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wayne M. Witzel , Warren D. Craft , Robert D. Carr , Joaquín E. Madrid Larrañaga

Ensuring that API implementations and usage comply with natural language programming rules is critical for software correctness, security, and reliability. Formal verification can provide strong guarantees but requires precise…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shihao Xia , Mengting He , Haomin Jia , Linhai Song

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a widely used task specification language for autonomous systems. To mitigate the significant manual effort and expertise required to define LTL-encoded tasks, several methods have been proposed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 David Smith Sundarsingh , Jun Wang , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Yiannis Kantaros

Automated formalization of mathematics enables mechanical verification but remains limited to isolated theorems and short snippets. Scaling to textbooks and research papers is largely unaddressed, as it requires managing cross-file…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zichen Wang , Wanli Ma , Zhenyu Ming , Gong Zhang , Kun Yuan , Zaiwen Wen

Recent verification tools aim to make formal verification more accessible to software engineers by automating most of the verification process. However, annotating conventional programs with the formal specification and verification…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 João Pascoal Faria , Emanuel Trigo , Vinicius Honorato , Rui Abreu

Mathematical theorems are human knowledge able to be accumulated in the form of symbolic representation, and proving theorems has been considered intelligent behavior. Based on the BHK interpretation and the Curry-Howard isomorphism, proof…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Li-An Yang , Jui-Pin Liu , Chao-Hong Chen , Ying-ping Chen

Formal verification is increasingly recognized as a critical foundation for building reliable software systems. However, the need for specialized expertise to write precise specifications, navigate complex proof obligations, and learn…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Changjie Wang , Mariano Scazzariello , Anoud Alshnakat , Roberto Guanciale , Dejan Kostić , Marco Chiesa

Improper parsing of attacker-controlled input is a leading source of software security vulnerabilities, especially when programmers transcribe informal format descriptions in RFCs into efficient parsing logic in low-level, memory unsafe…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Sarah Fakhoury , Markus Kuppe , Shuvendu K. Lahiri , Tahina Ramananandro , Nikhil Swamy

Using AI to write formal proofs for mathematical problems is a challenging task that has seen some advancements in recent years. Automated systems such as Lean can verify the correctness of proofs written in formal language, yet writing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh , Xuenan Cao , Azim Ospanov