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Addressing the challenge of generating personalized feedback for programming assignments is demanding due to several factors, like the complexity of code syntax or different ways to correctly solve a task. In this experimental study, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Maciej Pankiewicz , Ryan S. Baker

Generative AI and large language models hold great promise in enhancing computing education by powering next-generation educational technologies for introductory programming. Recent works have studied these models for different scenarios…

Timely formative feedback is considered as one of the most important drivers for effective learning. Delivering timely and individualized feedback is particularly challenging in large classes in higher education. Recently Large Language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Imen Azaiz , Oliver Deckarm , Sven Strickroth

We evaluate an automatic hint generator for CS1 programming assignments powered by GPT-4, a large language model. This system provides natural language guidance about how students can improve their incorrect solutions to short programming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Laryn Qi , J. D. Zamfirescu-Pereira , Taehan Kim , Björn Hartmann , John DeNero , Narges Norouzi

Instructor's feedback plays a critical role in students' development of conceptual understanding and reasoning skills. However, grading student written responses and providing personalized feedback can take a substantial amount of time. In…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-06-17 Tong Wan , Zhongzhou Chen

Generative AI has the potential to enhance education by providing personalized feedback to students at scale. Recent work has proposed techniques to improve AI-generated programming hints and has evaluated their performance based on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Tung Phung , Mengyan Wu , Heeryung Choi , Gustavo Soares , Sumit Gulwani , Adish Singla , Christopher Brooks

We examined the efficacy of AI-assisted learning in an introductory programming course at the university level by using a GPT-4 model to generate personalized hints for compiler errors within a platform for automated assessment of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Maciej Pankiewicz , Ryan S. Baker

Generative AI and large language models hold great promise in enhancing programming education by generating individualized feedback and hints for learners. Recent works have primarily focused on improving the quality of generated feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Nachiket Kotalwar , Alkis Gotovos , Adish Singla

Generative AI is changing the way that many disciplines are taught, including computer science. Researchers have shown that generative AI tools are capable of solving programming problems, writing extensive blocks of code, and explaining…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Bailey Kimmel , Austin Geisert , Lily Yaro , Brendan Gipson , Taylor Hotchkiss , Sidney Osae-Asante , Hunter Vaught , Grant Wininger , Chase Yamaguchi

Tutoring is an effective instructional method for enhancing student learning, yet its success relies on the skill and experience of the tutors. This reliance presents challenges for the widespread implementation of tutoring, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chentianye Xu , Jionghao Lin , Tongshuang Wu , Vincent Aleven , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Ever since Large Language Models (LLMs) and related applications have become broadly available, several studies investigated their potential for assisting educators and supporting students in higher education. LLMs such as Codex, GPT-3.5,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Imen Azaiz , Natalie Kiesler , Sven Strickroth

Research suggests that tutors should adopt a strategic approach when addressing math errors made by low-efficacy students. Rather than drawing direct attention to the error, tutors should guide the students to identify and correct their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Sanjit Kakarla , Danielle Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth R. Koedinger

The growing need for automated and personalized feedback in programming education has led to recent interest in leveraging generative AI for feedback generation. However, current approaches tend to rely on prompt engineering techniques in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Tung Phung , Nachiket Kotalwar , Michael Liut , Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Adish Singla

Research suggests that providing specific and timely feedback to human tutors enhances their performance. However, it presents challenges due to the time-consuming nature of assessing tutor performance by human evaluators. Large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dollaya Hirunyasiri , Danielle R. Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger , Vincent Aleven

The automatic generation of hints by Large Language Models (LLMs) within Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) has shown potential to enhance student learning. However, generating pedagogically sound hints that address student misconceptions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Junior Cedric Tonga , Benjamin Clement , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing educational technology by enabling highly personalized and adaptive learning environments within Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). This report delves into the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy

Generative AI and large language models have the potential to drastically improve the landscape of computing education by automatically generating personalized feedback and content. Recent works have studied the capabilities of these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Adish Singla

Large Language Models possess skills such as answering questions, writing essays or solving programming exercises. Since these models are easily accessible, researchers have investigated their capabilities and risks for programming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Lianne Roest , Hieke Keuning , Johan Jeuring

Recent studies have integrated large language models (LLMs) into diverse educational contexts, including providing adaptive programming hints, a type of feedback focuses on helping students move forward during problem-solving. However, most…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Ruiwei Xiao , Xinying Hou , John Stamper

This study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a complementary tool for grading essay-type questions in higher education, focusing on its consistency with human grading and potential to reduce biases. Using 70 handwritten…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Francisco Olivos , Tobias Kamelski , Sebastián Ascui-Gac
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