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Despite their vital importance to understand galaxy evolution and our own Galactic ecosystem, our knowledge of the physical properties of the hot phase of the Milky Way is still inadequate. However, sensitive SRG/eROSITA large area surveys…

We develop a new method to constrain the physical conditions in the cool (~10^4 K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) from measurements of ionic column densities, by assuming that the cool CGM spans a large range of gas densities and that small…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-26 Jonathan Stern , Joseph F. Hennawi , J. Xavier Prochaska , Jessica K. Werk

Several different methods are regularly used to infer the properties of the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) using atomic hydrogen (H I) 21cm absorption and emission spectra. In this work, we study various techniques used for inferring ISM…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-27 Soumyadeep Bhattacharjee , Nirupam Roy , Prateek Sharma , Amit Seta , Christoph Federrath

This is the third paper in a series analyzing X-ray emission from the hot interstellar medium in a sample of 54 normal elliptical galaxies observed by Chandra, focusing on 36 galaxies with sufficient signal to compute radial temperature…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Steven Diehl , Thomas S. Statler

Simulating the small-scale features and dynamics of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is computationally challenging due to its large volume, low densities, multiphase structure, and chaotic environmental effects. Traditional mass-based…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-09 Scott Lucchini , Cecilia Abramson , Cameron Hummels , Charlie Conroy , Lars Hernquist , Aaron Smith

Theoretical models of structure formation predict the presence of a hot gaseous atmosphere around galaxies. While this hot circum-galactic medium (CGM) has been observationally confirmed through UV absorption lines, the detection of its…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-26 Stephan Vladutescu-Zopp , Veronica Biffi , Klaus Dolag

The majority of galactic baryons reside outside of the galactic disk in the diffuse gas known as the circumgalactic medium (CGM). While state-of-the art simulations excel at reproducing galactic disk properties, many struggle to drive…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-05 Iryna Butsky , Thomas R. Quinn

Theoretical arguments and observations suggest that in massive halos ($>10^{12}\,M_\odot$), the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is dominated by a 'hot' phase with gas temperature near the virial temperature ($T \approx T_{\rm vir}$) and a…

The Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) of late-type galaxies is characterized using UV spectroscopy of 11 targeted QSO/galaxy pairs at z < 0.02 with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and ~60 serendipitous absorber/galaxy pairs…

The presence of cold ($T \lesssim 10^4$ K) gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies has been confirmed both in observations and high-resolution simulations, but its origin still represents a puzzle. Possible mechanisms are cold…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-02-14 Davide Decataldo , Sijing Shen , Lucio Mayer , Bernhard Baumschlager , Piero Madau

We use three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulations to study phase transformations occurring in a clumpy interstellar gas exposed to time-dependent volumetric heating. To mimic conditions in the Galactic interstellar medium, we take…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Alexei G. Kritsuk , Michael L. Norman

We conduct simulations of $\sim$kpc-scale cool clouds in the circumgalactic medium (CGM), using initial conditions sampled from a highly resolved cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical zoom-in of a Milky Way-like galaxy. We select ten distinct…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-02 Rahul Ramesh , Dylan Nelson , Drummond Fielding , Marcus Brüggen

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies consists of a multiphase gas with components at very different temperatures, from $10^ {4}$ K to $10^ {7}$ K. One of the greatest puzzle about this medium is the presence of a large amount of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-05-01 Andrea Afruni , Filippo Fraternali , Gabriele Pezzulli

This paper presents a systematic study of the photoionization and thermodynamic properties of the cool circumgalactic medium (CGM) as traced by rest-frame ultraviolet absorption lines around 26 galaxies at redshift $z\lesssim1$. The study…

We present a random forest framework for predicting circumgalactic medium (CGM) physical conditions from quasar absorption line observables, trained on a sample of Voigt profile-fit synthetic absorbers from the Simba cosmological…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-07-25 Sarah Appleby , Romeel Davé , Daniele Sorini , Christopher Lovell , Kevin Lo

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) plays a crucial role in galaxy evolution as it fuels star formation, retains metals ejected from the galaxies, and hosts gas flows in and out of galaxies. For Milky Way-type and more massive galaxies, the…

We use idealized 3D hydrodynamic simulations to study the dynamics and thermal structure of the circumgalactic medium (CGM). Our simulations quantify the role of cooling, stellar feedback driven galactic winds and cosmological gas accretion…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-02-08 Drummond Fielding , Eliot Quataert , Michael McCourt , Todd A. Thompson

We use a particle tracking analysis to study the origins of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), separating it into (1) accretion from the intergalactic medium (IGM), (2) wind from the central galaxy, and (3) gas ejected from other galaxies.…

Spurred by rich, multi-wavelength observations and enabled by new simulations, ranging from cosmological to sub-pc scales, the last decade has seen major theoretical progress in our understanding of the circumgalactic medium. We review key…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-01-26 Claude-Andre Faucher-Giguere , S. Peng Oh

We have carried out a controlled comparison of the structural and kinematic properties of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) around Milky Way mass galaxies in the Illustris and IllustrisTNG simulations. Very striking differences are found. At…